Term
|
Definition
| Nucleoside/tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors- Compete w/ natural nucleotides to form viral DNA- prevent further synthesis |
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Term
| Which NRTIs are analogues of pyrimidines? |
|
Definition
| Lamivudine, zidovudine, emcitritabine, stavudine |
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|
Term
| Which NRTIs are cytosine analogues? |
|
Definition
| Lamivudine, emcitritabine |
|
|
Term
| Which NRTIs are thymidine analogues? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which NRTIs are purine analogues? |
|
Definition
| didanosine, abacavir, tenofovir |
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|
Term
| Which NRTI is an adenosine analogue? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which NRTI is a guanosine analogue? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is an adverse effect of all drugs in the NRTI class? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of mitochondrial DNA replication & function |
|
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Term
| Which NRTI is associated w/ peripheral neuropathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which NRTI is associated w/ lipodystrophy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some rare adverse effects seen in NRTI patients due to the mitochondrial dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis |
|
|
Term
| Which two NRTIs are the backbone of most ART therapy and as equivalent as coke and pepsi? |
|
Definition
| Lamivudine, emcitritabine |
|
|
Term
| Which NRTI is associated with hypersensitivity due to HLA-B5701 mutation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which formulation of tenofovir (TDF or TAF) is no longer used due to risk of renal toxicity and decreased bone mineral density? |
|
Definition
| TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) |
|
|
Term
| Which NRTI is used as an IV formulation to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Allosteric binding to reverse transcriptase -> conformational change of enzyme so it can't function |
|
|
Term
| What common single point mutation in reverse transcriptase gene inactivates NNRTIs (except etravirine)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which NNRTI is used in salvage therapy to overcome K103N mutation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which NNRTI causes adverse CNS effects like vivid dreams and may be teratogenic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which NNRTI requires stomach acid for absorption? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which NNRTI is no longer used in the US due to risk of SJS? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which PI drug carries the highest risk for lipid abnormalities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which PI drug carries the lowest risk of lipid abnormalities? |
|
Definition
| Unboosted (w/o ritonavir) atazanavir |
|
|
Term
| Which PI is the most potent 3A4 inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of first gen PIs? |
|
Definition
| Ritonavir, saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of 2nd gen PIs? |
|
Definition
| Lopinavir/ritonavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of 3rd gen PIs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which PI needs an acidic environment for absorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which PI is used in combo to boost the bioavailability of others by inhibiting CYP metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which PI is used as salvage therapy in pts w/ resistance to other PIs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: cobicistat is more selective for 3A4 inhibition than ritonavir |
|
Definition
| True (ritonavir inhibits other CYP enzymes as well) |
|
|
Term
| Examples of integrase inhibitors (INSTIs)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which INSTI needs its dose increased when taken w/ rifampin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which INSTI is only available as combo pills Stribild and Genvoya? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which formulation of elvitagravir contains TAF instead of TDF, making it the better choice in treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What non-HIV drugs are CYP 3A4 inducers? |
|
Definition
| phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, rifampin, St. John's wort, glucicorticoids |
|
|
Term
| What non-HIV drugs are CYP 3A4 inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Azithromycin, clarithromycin, cyclosporine, azoles, fluoxetine, sertraline |
|
|
Term
| What 2 INSTIs inhibit OCT2 and thus have a max dose of metformin of 1,000 mg? |
|
Definition
| Dolutegravir, bictegravir |
|
|
Term
| Role of entry inhibitors and examples? |
|
Definition
| Resistant therapy; maraviroc, enfuvirtide |
|
|
Term
| What 2 surface glycoproteins are central to the entry of HIV into host cells? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which entry inhibitor requires the tropism test for patients prior to administration, in case they have the CXCR4-using virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIV PLUS:
CD4 < 200 cells/mm^3 AND/OR
AIDs-specific illness |
|
|
Term
| Parts of world w/ highest and lowest prevalence of HIV/AIDS? |
|
Definition
Highest: Eastern/southern Africa
Lowest: Middle East/northern Africa |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Measure of copies of HIV RNA present in plasma
Logarithmic scale |
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Term
|
Definition
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