Term
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Definition
Single cell, animal like. 4 catagories
-Amebas
-Cilliates
-Flagellates
-Sporozoa
IE giardiasis |
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Term
| HIV is a retrovirus because |
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Definition
| Replicates in a backwards manner: goes from RNA to DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Viremia (large levels) for first 2-3 weeks
-Transmission more likely with high viral load
Followed by prolonged period (years) of low viral load
Virus eventually overcomes CD4 T cells and viral load rises (AIDS now) |
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Term
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Definition
CD4 receptor cells
-T helper
-Lymphocytes
-Monocytes/macrophages
-Astrocytes
-Oligodendrocytes |
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Term
| Normal T cell life vs hiv infected t cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute retroviral syndrome |
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Definition
First few weeks after infection
Before antibody test results become positive
Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy and skin rash |
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Term
| Early chronic HIV infection |
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Definition
3 weeks to 3 months post infection
HIV antibody tests become +ve
CD4 T lymphocytes count remains above 500cells/uL
Generally asymptomatic
Flu-like symptoms |
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Term
| Intermediate chronic infection |
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Definition
Viral load increases
CD4 T lymphocyte count drops to 200-500
Most common infection is oropharyngeal candidiasis or thrush
Severe fatigue and night sweats |
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Term
| Late chronic infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
CD4 T cell count plummets to below 200
Viral load surges
Diagnosed when at least one of:
-CD4 t count bellow 200 cells/uL
-Development of one of a list of opportunistic infections
-Dev of one of a list of opportunistic cancers
-Wasting syndrome occurs
-Dementia develops |
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Term
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Definition
Sensitive screening test: enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Reactive screening test: Rapid test, diagnosis of HIV-1 infection within 30 mins
Reactive must be confirmed by a supplemental test (Western blot or immunofluorescence assay) |
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Term
|
Definition
All babies born to HIV+ mother will be positive for HIV antibody for 18 months due to antibodies crossing over
Can test for HIV antigen at 4 weeks |
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Term
| Antiretoviral drug therapy |
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Definition
| Three or more drugs used in combination |
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Term
| Goals of drug therapy HIV |
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Definition
Decrease HIV RNA levels to less than 50 copies/ul
Maintain or raise CD4 to over 200 (800-1200 preffered)
Delay HIV related symptoms
Individualized treatment decisions |
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Term
| HIV drug therapy catagories |
|
Definition
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Fusion (entry) inhibitors |
|
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Term
| Reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
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Definition
For HIV
Nucleoside (AZT, ZDV, Retrovir)
Non-nucleoside (viread)
Nucleotide (rescriptor)
-Inhibit HIV to make a DNA copy early in replication |
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Term
|
Definition
ie Invirase
Interfere with activity of enzyme protease, inhibit viral replication at later step |
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Term
|
Definition
ie Raltegravir
Works by interefering with enzyme integrase |
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Term
|
Definition
ie Fuzeon
Interfere with HIV CD$ receptor site binding and entry into cells |
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Term
| Adherents rates of ___ required to prevent HIV progression |
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Definition
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Term
| Opportunist infections seen often with HIV |
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Definition
Pneumocystis carini pneumonia (PCP)
Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) |
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Term
| Pneumocystisis carinii pneumonia |
|
Definition
Caused by extremely common fungus
At risk when CD4 under 200
Preventable (antibiotics)
Non productive cough, SOB, hypoxemia, progressive shortness of breath, fever, night sweats, fatigue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Brain infection caused by fungus found in dirt and bird droppings |
|
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Term
| Cytomegalovircus retinitis |
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Definition
Infection of the retina, only with severe immune suppression
Lesions of the retina, blurred vision, loss of vision
Leads to blindness untreated |
|
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Term
| Mycobacterium avium complex |
|
Definition
Gastrointestional system affected
Sever immune impairment
Watery diarrhea and weight loss |
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Term
|
Definition
Classic AIDS cancer
Sarcoma: cancer in connective tissue
Firm, flat, raised or nodular hyperpigmented multicentric lesions |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Latent TB
Exposed to TB bacteria but immune system strong enough to handle it
Positive skin test
No TB symptoms, not contagious |
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Term
|
Definition
TB bacteria actively replicating
Skin test may be positive or negative |
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Term
| TB clinical manifestations |
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Definition
Cough >3 wks
Pleuritic pain
Abnormal chest xray
Fever/chills
Night sweats
Unexplained weight loss
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea unusual |
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Term
|
Definition
Five mains ones
-Isoniazid
Rifampin (RMP)
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin
Ethambutol |
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Term
| Patients on antiretroviral drugs for HIV can't take? |
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Definition
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