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| Edenton Ladies Patriotic Guild |
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| a group of 51 women in North Carolina who resisted taxation; they opposed the drinking of British tea or the wearing of British fashions to aid in the Revolutionary War effort |
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| a group of women who would follow war camps and help out in any way possible; most of time the wives of officers-Martha Washington, Mrs. Greene, etc. |
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| woman who fought with her husband in the Revolutionary War; seriously wounded and received pension from the U.S. Military |
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| woman who impersonated a man in the war to fight; fought for 17 months before being wounded and honorably discharged from West Point in 1783 |
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| Frederika Charlotte Louise von Massow |
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| wife of General Riesedel who followed him in the Saratoga campaign |
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| Philadelphia Young Ladies Academy |
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| academy for young ladies co-founded by Benjamin Rush; brought on by the Enlightenment |
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| “Cult of Republican Womanhood” |
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| a woman best serves the state if she becomes an educated, rational,virtuous mother and then instilling those same morals on her children and produce citizens who can properly participate in the republican process; |
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| Formerly NYC's city hall; 1st capitol of the U.S. under Washington |
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| Washington’s First Inaugural Address |
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| April 30, 1789; humble and honored at Federal Hall, NYC; swore on the Bible |
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| written by Hamilton; idea that bill of rights is not necessary and would impede on the rights that the people already have |
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| introduced by James Madison; 1st ten amendments to the Constitution; adopted Dec. 15th, 1791 by ratification of 3/4 of the states |
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| Sept 24, 1789-established the Supreme Court and set up judiciary districts |
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| 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; Federalist; was formerly Sec of State |
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| Formed by Alexander Hamilton in Washington's first term; America's first political party; included Marshall, Jay, Hamilton, ; believed in strong centralized Federal gov't |
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| Founded by Jefferson and Madison around 1791; of the people; opposed Federalists and anything Hamilton did |
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| “The Dinner Table Bargain” |
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| Agreement between Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton with the backing of Washington to move the capitol to D.C. to appease the North and South; to prevent civil war; also created to pay off debt |
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| First Bank of the United States |
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| Championed by Hamilton (1st Sec of Treasury); Chartered for 20 years by Congress in 1791; included three part expansion of federal fiscal and monetary power |
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| Tax protest of Pennsylvanian farmers at the beginning of Washington's 1st term; opposed tax in place by Hamilton to pay off nat'l debt; suppressed by militia and established federal power |
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| French Ambassador in the French Revolution who attempted to go against the U.S. gov't to try to pit the people against Britain; his ties to France were lost while he was in America and appealed for asylum from Washington |
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| Designed by Hamilton and supported by Jay and Washington; Britain had to rescind forts in NW territories, war debt went into arbitration, Limits on trading in colonies and American cotton trade |
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| 1795 Spanish and U.S. treaty by Thomas Pinckney that guaranteed the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River in exchange for Florida |
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| championed the idea of interchangeable parts and invented the cotton gin in 1794 which not only set off the industrial revolution but created a renewed interest in slavery in the south |
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| Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 |
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| ensured that slaveowners could recover their slaves in any state regardless of state laws against slavery; makes helping escaped slaves a federal crime |
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| limited the importation and shipment of slaves into and out of the U.S. |
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| Washington’s Farewell Address |
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| Letter that Washington wrote at the end of his second term warning the American public of sectionalism, political parties, international affairs, checks and balances, religion, and ending with a kindly farewell as their leader |
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| John Adams sent a delegation of 3 ministers to France to avoid open war. Three ministers of France wanted them to pay $250,000 to Talleyrand but Adams saw this as a great offense. The ministers that came to America were seen as ministers X, Y, and Z. The French eventually gave in in 1800 when they signed the treaty. |
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| The Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) |
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| Four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalist and signed by John Adams in effect of the Quasi War. These acts created a nationwide naturalization clause, dealt with alien and enemy alien affairs, and made it a crime to publish ill speakings of the government. This was highly opposed by the Jeffersonian Republicans. |
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| The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798) |
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| Resolutions by Jeffersonian Republicans that declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional. Jefferson wrote the VA resolutions while James Madison wrote the Kentucky resolutions which called for statewide nullification of the formerly passed acts. |
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| The undeclared war between France and the U.S. because of the Jay treaty along with the U.S.'s refusal to pay off former war debts. There were many naval incidents and it included the XYZ Affair. Ended with the convention of 1800 |
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| Also referred to as the "Revolution of 1800" when Jefferson beat out Adams for the Presidency. Marked the beginning of the demise of the Federalist party. |
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| The secretary of the treasury from 1801-1813 under presidents Madison and Jefferson |
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| Virginian Lawyer who gained the Presidency from 1809-1817. He was an original drafter of the constitution, the bill of rights, and the KY resolves. He also was involved in Marbury v. Madison and was Jefferson Sec. of State in his two terms. Championed the Louisiana Purchase. Was president through the war of 1812 |
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| Life in Jefferson’s White House |
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| Jefferson's White House was very simple, and not very prestigious. He was known to throw large parties where many commoners were invited and he had no class distinction. |
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| Jefferson’s Domestic Policies |
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| repealed Alien and Sedition Acts; continued Hamiltonian bank and tariff system; decreased military size; wanted to reduce debt by revenue on customs; urged congress to repeal Judiciary Act of 1801, which they did |
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| The Supreme court case regarding Adam's midnight appointments. Marbury wanted to keep his appointment but Madison claimed he did not have to deliver the commission. Marshall and the court decided 4-0 that Marbury can keep his position as judge. Gave the judiciary branch the ability to police other branches; it was a great extension of judicial power |
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| SoS Madison's purchase of the LA territory from France in 1803 for $15 million |
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| U.S. frigate that was involved in the first Barbary war. ran aground in Tripoli |
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| Famous U.S. War ship that defeated five British ships in the War of 1812, defended American from France in the Quasi-War, and also defeated barbary pirates in the First Barbary War; got the name "old ironsides" |
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| U.S. ship sent to Mediterranean. Captured by Barbary Pirates |
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| The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton that stemmed from public animosity between the two and resulted in Hamilton's death. |
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| The slave trade was banned. No importation of deportation of slaves into the U.S. |
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| Roger Sherman, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson. Those who were called to draft the Declaration of Independence. |
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| Jeffersonian Act created to punish Britain and France in 1807. Created nationwide Embargo and nonimportation policies and hurt the U.S. economy greatly |
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| Trade routes by America to other countries that would then trade to France or Britain with stops in between. Seen by Britain as an offense and brought into question via the Essex Affair |
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| Part of the Chesapeake-Leapord affair; British ship that boarded the USS Chesapeake and opened fire after no cooperation. Impetus to Embargo Act |
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| Part of the Chesapeake-Leapord affair; American ship involved that refused to be boarded by British frigate; seen as a huge infringement on American neutral rights |
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| Jefferson's attempt to avoid war by putting in place the Embargo act and attempting to assert power through law rather than force towards Britain. |
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| Battle in 1811 between William Henry Harrison and Indian leader Tecumseh. Brought upon by Tecumseh's brother, Prophet, attacking U.S. troops. Harrison came to great victory by destroying the major Indian village, Prophetstown. |
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| Hero of the battle of Tippecanoe and the 9th POTUS |
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| Indian leader who fought William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe |
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| Tecumseh's war mongering brother who began the battle at Tippecanoe without the permission of his brother |
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| Democratic-Republicans from the west and south that supported war against Britain for interference with American shipping; included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; opposed by President Madison |
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| Key American victory in the War of 1812 that resulted in Tecumseh's death and the subsequent destruction of his nation; Harrison's Battle of General Proctor |
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| The Burning of Washington |
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| 1814; British broke through American lines and burned the White House and Capitol Building and other facilities of the U.S. government |
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| “The Star Spangled Banner” |
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| Written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Ft. McHenry by British Naval Ships in the Chesapeake Bay; to tune of British hymn; made nat'l anthem in 1931 |
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| The Battle of New Orleans |
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| Gen. Andrew Jackson's successful defense of New Orleans in which he defeated the British in January 1815 after the Treaty of Ghent was signed |
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| 7th POTUS; from Tennessee; rowdy man; victor in the Battle of New Orleans; infamous for his temper |
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| New England Federalists' meetings in the north to oppose the war and suggest other changes to the Constitution including the repeal of the 3/5 compromise; shot down by Democratic-Republican Congress and marked end of Federalist Party |
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| December 1814 Treaty to end the War of 1812; gave Britain Canada and returned U.S. land back; also Britain gave back slaves escaped to British territory |
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| Factory system in Lowell, Massachusetts in which women worked from 5:00 am to 7:00 pm and had curfew at 9:00 pm; became known as mill girls |
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| inventor of the Telegraph in 1832 |
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| Founder of McCormick Harvesting Machine in 1831 |
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| invented the steel plow in 1837 |
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| championed interchangeable parts in building muskets and invented the cotton gin in 1794; reaffirmed southern need for slavery |
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| Transportation Revolution |
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| began with production of railroads and steamboats; came with the industrial revolution; aided in the expansion of America after the Civil War |
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| “The Era of Good Feelings” |
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| A brief period in history in which the States had a unity and desire for American Supremacy; during Monroe Presidency (1817-1825); not really true |
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| Second Bank of the United States |
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| Chartered in 1815 for 20 years; lasted for five years as a normal bank before going bankrupt in 1841; needed to manage war debt and deal with the Panic of 1819; highly opposed by Jackson during his Presidency |
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| Second major war against pirates in Tripoli and Algeria in 1815; ended in a treaty |
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| the agreement in 1820 that the 36'30 line in Missouri would be the boundary of slavery; Missouri would enter in as a slave state, and Maine as a free state |
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| The line that was a result of the Missouri Compromise that outlawed slavery north of it |
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| Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) |
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| Supreme court case that favored the private charter of states rights; New Hampshire attempted to make Dartmouth a public institution |
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| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) |
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| Asserted National BOTUS' right to not be taxed by the state of Maryland |
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| Affirmed the power of the Federal gov't over interstate commerce; said New York could not claim a monopoly on their waters |
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| 1820's U.S. Policy that state if any European Powers attempt to meddle with Latin America, then the U.S. would get involved |
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| War Hawk, Senator, and Speaker of the House that aided in many large contributions to the U.S. including the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 |
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| Party in NY that highly opposed the free masons out of fear; introduced the idea of the political convention to nominate a candidate |
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| former free mason whose expose book on free masonry and subsequent disappearance led to the formation of the "Anti-Masonic" party |
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| economic downturn in the era of good feelings that began the first cycle of the U.S. boom bust economy |
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| Elected John Q. Adams as 8th POTUS; first election since 12th amendment passed |
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| The term that Andrew Jackson used to describe the support given to JQA by Henry Clay in the election of 1824 in exchange for Clay's position as SoS; won Jackson the presidency in 1828 |
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| 8th POTUS; not a good president; carried on similarly to his father |
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| Adams was not reelected; Jackson won majority with democrats; transition from first to second party system |
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| SC politician who led many large debates including the nullification crisis in the 1830's |
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| founded by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson; represented the common man and states rights; championed by Andrew Jackson and included the transition to the new party system |
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| Jackson's presidential policy signed in 1830 that made all indians east of the Mississippi move to other parts of the U.S.; included five major tribes and not all moved peaceably: Choctaw did, Cherokee did not; started with assimilation but did not work |
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| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) |
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| the court ruled the Cherokee nation as an independent nation and therefore could hold their ground; Jackson completely ignored this |
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| Worchester v. Georgia (1832) |
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| court reinstated that it was unconstitutional to move the Cherokee; Jackson again ignored it |
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| SC declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional and unenforceable after 1833 under the leadership of John C. Calhoun; Andrew Jackson responded with Congress' Force Bill that allowed him to use military force against SC; SC backed down after tariffs were lowered |
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| Tariff of 1828 that was meant to protect northern economy by raising a tariff on imported goods; this hurt the south because they could not produce many of the products taxed so all prices went up; this was soon labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by SC |
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| Andrew Jackson's war against the 2nd BOTUS; he did not support the charter and did everything he could to make sure it was not rechartered; he vetoed the rechartering multiple times and succeeded, for the next national bank was not in place until the Federal Reserve was chartered in 1913 |
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| part of the 2nd party system that arose to oppose the Democratic Republicans and Jackson; included Harrison, Clay, and eventually Lincoln; supported supremacy of Congress over the presidency |
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| the moniker given to Jackson by Whigs that suggested he was using the presidency more like a monarchy |
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