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Definition
| Solid, crystalline substances that do not contain carbon and are not changed by natural processes, including digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Minerals we need to consume in amounts of at least 100 mg per day, and of which the total amount present in the body is at least 5 grams (5,000 mg). |
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Definition
| Minerals we need to consume in amounts less than 100 mg per day, and of which the total amount present in the body is less than 5 grams (5,000) mg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minerals we need to consume in amounts less than 1 mg/d of body weight. |
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Definition
| A (mineral) substance that dissolves in solution into positively and negatively charged ions and is thus capable of carrying an electrical current. |
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Definition
| An electrically charged particle. |
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Definition
| A condition marked by enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can be caused by iodine toxicity or deficiency |
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Definition
| A form of mental retardation that occurs in people whose mothers experienced iodine deficiency during pregnancy |
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Definition
| The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells; almost two-thirds of all the iron in our body is found in hemoglobin. |
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Definition
| The iron-containing molecule found in hemoglobin |
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Definition
| An iron-containing protein similar to hemoglobin, except that it is found in muscle cells |
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Definition
| Iron that is part of hemoglobin and myoglobin; found only in animal-based foods, such as meat, fish, and poultry. |
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Definition
| The form of iron that is not a part of hemoglobin or myoglobin; found in animal-and plant-based foods. |
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Definition
| A disorder in which the production of normal, healthy red blood cells decreases and hemoglobin levels are inadequate to fully oxygenate the body's cells and tissues. |
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Definition
| A dense bone tissue that makes up the outer surface of all bones as well as the entirety of most small bones of the body; also called compact |
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Term
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Definition
| A porous bone tissue found within the ends of the long bones, as well as inside the spinal vertebrae, flat bones, and bones of the pelvis; also called spongy bone |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree of compactness of bone tissue, reflecting the strength of the bones. Peak bone density is the point at which a bone is strongest. |
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Definition
| The two-step process by which bone tissue is recycled; includes the breakdown of existing bone and the formation of new bone. |
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Definition
| Cells that break down the surface of bones by secreting enzymes and acids that dig grooves into the bone matrix. |
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Definition
| Cells that break down the surface of bones by secreting enzymes and acids that dig grooves into the bone matrix |
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Definition
| Cells that prompt the formation of new bone matrix by laying down the collagen-containing component of bone, which is then mineralized |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which our body can absorb and use any given nutrient |
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