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| at the battle of hastings, william and his norman knights triumphed over harold. he became king of England on Christmas day 1066. he granted fiefs to the church and to his norman lords, or barons, but kept a large amount for himself. He monitored who built castles and where. He require every vassal to wewar first allegiance to him rather than to any to any other feudal lord. |
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| a legal system based on custom and court rulings, that applied to all of england. |
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| when traveling justices visited an area, local officials collected a _____, or group of men sworn to speak the truth. it determined which cases should be brought to trial abd were the ancestors of today's grand jury. |
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| during is reign he faced 3 powerful enemies: King phillip II of france, Pope innocent III, and his own English nobles. He lost is struggles with each. |
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| in 1215, a group of rebellious barons cornered John and forced him to sign the ____ ____, (great charter) this document contained 2 ideas that would shape english gov. 1. it asserted that the nobles had certain rights. Over time these rights were exteneded to all english citizens. 2. the ___ ____ made it clear that the monarch must obey they law. |
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| protected freemen from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, and other legal actions, except by "legal judgement of his peers or by hte law of the land." this clause formed the basis of the right we know today. |
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| said that no person can be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime. |
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| acquired a larger role in government, it helped unify England. In time, Parliament developed into a two house body: the house of lords with nobles and high clergy and the house of commons with knights and middle class citizens. over centuries it gained the right to appprove any new taxes. (so it could limit the power of the monarch) |
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| became the king of france in 1226. He persecuted deretics, or those who held beliefs contarty to church teachings. he also persecuted jews and led french knights in two crusades, against muslim. Like charlemagne, he sent out roving officials to check on local administrators, expanded the royal courts, outlawed private wars. |
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