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History: Unit 4
Flashcards reviewing History Unit 4.
25
History
10th Grade
01/26/2011

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Term
Which mountains separate European Russia from Asian Russia?
Definition
Ural
Term
What climate zone, one of the largest in Russia, is home to several biomes including the taiga?
Definition
subarctic
Term
Russia’s main reason for going to war against Sweden and the Ottoman Empire in the late 1600s was to __________.
Definition
secure warm-water ports
Term
What accounts for the low population density found in much of Russia?
Definition
climate
Term
Russia’s achievements in the late nineteenth century include all of the following except __________.
- leading producer of steel, iron, and oil
- large colonial holdings in Africa
- a world famous author and composer
- cities connected by rail and telegraph
Definition
large colonial holdings in Africa
Term
Which of the following was a major cause of social unrest in Russia in 1900?
- The Russian monarchy (the tsars) abolished serfdom decades earlier.
- Communists took ownership of land, mines, and factories.
- There was a wide gap between the nobility and the peasants.
- Marxist revolutionaries were trying to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II.
Definition
There was a wide gap between the nobility and the peasants.
Term
One major result of the 1905 revolution in Russia was that __________.
Definition
Russian workers organized into soviets
Term
What did Tsar Nicholas II do after Bloody Sunday to show the workers he was willing to share some of his power?
Definition
created an elected parliament
Term
Who was the head of the Bolsheviks and worked toward turning Russia into a communist nation?
Definition
Vladimir Lenin
Term
What did unrest in the Russian military and civilian population first lead to in 1917?
Definition
the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a Provisional Government
Term
Lenin dealt with those who opposed his rule by using the Cheka, which was a __________.
Definition
secret police force
Term
What brilliant speaker and writer became the number two man in the Bolshevik party and eventually raised a large army during the Russian civil war?
Definition
Leon Trotsky
Term
Why did the USSR adopt atheism as an official state policy?
Definition
to eliminate one potential source of conflict and opposition
Term
In the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, all of the power was concentrated in the hands of a small ruling group called the __________.
Definition
Politburo
Term
Why were German military leaders confident of a victory on the Western Front at the end of 1917?
Definition
Germany had negotiated a peace with Russia and was no longer fighting in the east.
Term
Many factors changed American opinion of the Great War and eventually led to a U.S. declaration of war on Germany. Which of the following was not one of these factors?
- German atrocities against civilians in Belgium
- the use of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
- the massacre of thousands of Armenians by the German army
- the deaths of more than a hundred Americans in the sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats
Definition
the massacre of thousands of Armenians by the German army
Term
Which of the following was not one of President Wilson’s intended outcomes of the Great War?
- an overthrow of the Communist government in Russia
- justice, not revenge
- an international organization for maintaining peace
- a reduction of arms and weapons by all of the world's countries
Definition
an overthrow of the Communist government in Russia
Term
What was a factor that helped the Allies force Germany to sign the armistice on November 11, 1918?
Definition
Germany and Austria-Hungary were experiencing civilian uprisings.
Term
The human and economic costs of World War I included __________.
Definition
the ruin or near ruin of many European economies
Term
What did U.S. President Woodrow Wilson argue for during the peace conference at Versailles?
Definition
a generous peace
Term
Why did French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau want to cripple Germany with a punitive peace?
Definition
to make it impossible for Germany to wage war again
Term
Major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles included all of the following except __________.
- a war guilt clause blaming Germany for the war and requiring Germany to pay war reparations
- the transfer of all of Germany’s colonies in Africa to Great Britain and France
- the creation of an international organization to help maintain world peace
- a war reparations clause forcing all Central Powers to pay their enemies for damage
Definition
a war reparations clause forcing all Central Powers to pay their enemies for damage
Term
How did Europe’s borders changed as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
Definition
The new nations of Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia were created.
Term
How did most Germans feel about the Treaty of Versailles?
Definition
They thought it was unjust and felt humiliated by the treaty's provisions.
Term
Following popular opinion, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because __________.
Definition
Americans were not interested in joining the League of Nations
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