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| No King, Independent Landowners, politically engaged, for the common wealth. |
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| Rush's "Moral and Physical Thermometer" |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery. |
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| A trade-craft respected economy, examples, Butchers and Blacksmiths, with varying levels of skill. Aprrentace to Journeymen to Masters. Usually lived above shop. Very different from the Industrial Economy |
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| Most important and profitable of the canals of the 1820s and 1830s; stretched from Buffalo to Albany, New York, connecting the Great Lakes to the East Coast and making New York City the nation's largest port. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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1777-1789
Gave much of the political power to the states. Very little is givin to the federal level.
Fed Power: Print Money, Declare Wars, Sign Treaties. |
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1793 (Starting)
In the United States was a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in the South (and soon moving to the North) and later spreading to the entire world. Traditional commerce was made obsolete by improvements in transportation and communication. This change prompted the reincarnation of the mercantilist ideas that were thought to have died out. This is thought to have been caused by increasing industrialization, such as Eli Whitney's invention, the Cotton Gin. As a result of the revolution, isolationism became dominant and North America was left waiting to explode into the American Civil War.[citation needed] Northern cities started to have a more powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European cities at the time.
It also was in part influenced by the need for national mobility, shown a problem in the War of 1812, after which the government increased production of roads, canals, and later railroads. |
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| American System of Manufactures |
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| Industrial mass production of interchangeable parts that could be rapidly assembled into standardized finished products. |
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was what appeared to be a threatened uprising in the Continental Army in March 1783, when the American Revolutionary War was at its end. Possibly instigated by political actors in the Congress of the Confederation, an anonymous letter was circulated in the army camp at Newburgh, New York, on March 10, 1783. The letter suggested that the army, whose soldiers were discontented over pay that was in arrears and a lack of funding for promised pensions, should take unspecified action against Congress to resolve the issue. The letter was written by Major John Armstrong, aide to General Horatio Gates, although the authorship of its text and underlying ideas is a subject of historical debate.
Commander-in-Chief George Washington stopped any serious talk by appealing successfully to his officers to support the supremacy of Congress in an emotional address on March 15. Not long afterward, Congress approved a compromise agreement it had previously rejected: some of the pay arrears were funded, and soldiers were granted five years of full pay instead of a lifetime pension of half pay. |
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| was the transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machine tools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial revolution began in Britain and within a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States. |
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| Massachusetts farmer Daniel Shays and 1,200 compatriots, seeking debt relief through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, attempted to prevent courts from seizing property from indebted farmers. |
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| Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic feeling especially prominent in the 1830s through the 1850s; the largest group was New York's Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, which expanded into the American (Know-Nothing) Party in 1854. |
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| The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by James Madison, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. Each state would have two representatives in the upper house. |
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| Immigrants and workers from the countryside were housed in former middle-class houses and other buildings, such as warehouses, which were bought up and divided into small dwellings, and also, beginning as early as the 1830s on the Lower East Side |
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| A provision that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted in determining each state's representation in the House of Representatives and its electoral votes for president. |
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| Godey's Lady's Book, alternatively known as Godey's Magazine and Lady's Book, was a United States magazine which was published in Philadelphia. It was the most widely circulated magazine in the period before the Civil War.[1] Its circulation rose from 70,000 in the 1840s to 150,000 in 1860.[2] In the 1860s Godey's considered itself the "queen of monthlies".(published 1830–1878) |
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| Collection of eighty-five essays that appeared in the New York press in 1787-1788 in support of the Constitution; written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay and published under the pseudonym ,Publius. The Papers name was "The Federalist" |
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| Cult of Domesticity/True Womanhood |
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| Virtue and modesty; emphasized as the qualities that were essential to proper womanhood. |
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| Opponents of the ratification of the Constitution. |
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| belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while "Anti-Federalists" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the modern usage of "federalism" in Europe and the United States. |
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| Program of internal improvements and protective tariffs promoted by Speaker of the House Henry Clay in his presidential campaign of 1824; his proposals formed the core of Whig ideology in the 1830s and 1840s. |
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| Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program |
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| hamilton propsed that the federal gov't assume payment of the debts contracted by the states during the revolution. to pay the combined state and federal debt, he devised a financial plan, which was that the nat'l gov't borrow money to be repaid over a long period. he advocated a nat'l bank to help administer the program, and submitted a variety of taxes to pay for it. as the gov't built financial reserves, it would depositthe money into the nat'l bank. then the bank would lend out providing capital for planters and businessmen. a substantial portion of the revenue is to be paid off the debt would come form high tarrifs on imported good, the tarrifs would protect new american industries from cheap foregin competition. objections to the plan was by the antifederalists, who thought that these actions would place power and control in the hands of the few wealthy merchants and businessmen |
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| Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
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| passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. To balance the number of "slave states" and "free states," the northern region of what was then Massachusetts was admitted into the United States as a free state to become Maine. Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise, and a conference committee was appointed. |
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| Violent protest by western Pennsylvania farmers against the federal excise tax on whiskey, 1794. |
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| President James Monroe's declaration to Congress on December 2, 1823, that the American continents would be thenceforth closed to European colonization, and that the United States would not interfere in European affairs. |
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| Four measures passed during the undeclared war with France that limited the freedoms of speech and press and restricted the liberty of non-citizens. |
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1829-1837 (Old Hickory)
Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), and the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815). A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and 1830s, as president he dismantled the Second Bank of the United States and initiated forced relocation and resettlement of Native American tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River. His enthusiastic followers created the modern Democratic Party. The 1830–1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.
Supported small and limited government. |
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| The practice of kidnapping sailors. This was used by the French and British on American ships around 1797. Forcing the sailors to work on the their ships. They used this to stop Americans from trading with the other side. America created the Embargo Act in the response, which smugglers easily circumvented. |
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The organization formed first as an "Anti-Administration" secret meeting in the national capital (Philadelphia) to oppose the programs of Secretary for the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson needed to have a nationwide party to counteract the Federalists, a nationwide party organized by Hamilton. Foreign affairs took a leading role in 1794-95 as the Republicans vigorously opposed the Jay Treaty with Britain, which was then at war with France. Republicans saw France as more democratic after its revolution, while Britain represented the hated monarchy. The party denounced many of Hamilton's measures (especially the national bank) as unconstitutional.
The party was strongest in the South and weakest in the Northeast; it favored states' rights and the primacy of the yeoman farmers. Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the supposed monarchical tendencies of the Hamiltonians/Federalists. The party came to power with the election of Jefferson in 1801. The Federalists—too elitist to appeal to most people—faded away, and totally collapsed after 1815. The Republicans, despite internal divisions, dominated the First Party System until partisanship itself withered away during the Era of Good Feelings after 1816.
James Madison, James Monroe |
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| The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others in the United States, from their homelands to Indian Territory in eastern sections of the present-day state of Oklahoma. The phrase originated from a description of the removal of the Choctaw Nation in 1831. |
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President Thomas Jefferson's 1803 purchase from France of the important port of New Orleans and 828,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains; it more than doubled the territory of the United States at a cost of only $15 million.
Note: Was not approved by the congress. |
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| Second Bank of the United States |
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| The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 but President Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter bill in 1832. |
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| The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812. American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase. The Treaty of Ghent, having been signed on December 24, 1814, was ratified by the Prince Regent on December 30, 1814 and the United States Senate on February 16, 1815. Hostilities continued until late February when official dispatches announcing the peace reached the combatants in Louisiana, finally putting an end to the war. The Battle of New Orleans is widely regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war. |
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| The Whig Party was a political party starting 1833 in the United States. Four Presidents of the United States were members of the Whig Party. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. |
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| Meeting of New England Federalists on December 15, 1814, to protest the War of 1812; proposed seven constitutional amendments (limiting embargoes and changing requirements for office-holding, declaration of war, and admission of new states), but the war ended before Congress could respond. |
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Examples:
Utopian Communities (Transcendentalists,secular communitarian, Mormonism,perfectionism |
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