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o Ruled France from 1661-1715
o Inherited thrown at the age of 5
o Europe’s best ruler |
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o Most influential
o Takes thrown at 19
o Marries Marie Antoinette in hope that Austria and France would bind |
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o Married at 15 from Austria
o Brother is emperor of Austria
o Fashion icon of the time |
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o Developed his own rich, sensual, colorful style
o Trademarks were fleshy, sensual nudes |
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o Wrote secular concertos and sublime religious cantatas
o Music master |
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o Finance Minister
o Tried to pay off loans by getting more loans
o Had an idea to tax people on their land (1st step to dissolve of privileges)
o Dismissed because people thought he was crazy |
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| o Ruler that has absolute power. |
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o Sense of drama, motion, and ceaseless striving
o Gothic style of medieval cathedrals
o Portuguese word for an “odd-shaped, imperfect pearl”
o Reflected royal magnificence |
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| o Urban population of wage earning workers |
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| o Removal and replacement of a government system |
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| o Removal of a leader, NOT a government system |
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| o The third estate wanted twice as many representatives as the other two estates combined |
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| o Lists of grievances drawn up by each of the three orders before the meeting of the Estates General |
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| o People fleeing away from England due to social and political reasons. |
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o Group of people chosen by the King to vote on certain issues (ex-new land tax and double representation issue with third estate)
o Voted the tax a NO |
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o Body of all three estates
o Hadn’t been called upon since 1614
o King gets upset/ violence erupts
o Meets May 1789
o Each order had same amount of delegates prior to 1789, vote by order. Third estate wanted double representation
o Called because Paris parlement needs their approval for land tax to be passed |
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o King lived here.
o Lavish and expressed the baroque style.
o Built by Louis XIV
o Estates General meeting was held here |
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o Low ranking clergy
o Pamphlet (“What is the Third Estate?”) |
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Term
| "what is the third estate?" |
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Definition
o A pamphlet written by Abbe Sieyes said grievances of third estate.
o The right to have as many representatives as the other two orders combined
o As well as to have its votes counted by head rather than by order
o The right to share in the framing of a constitution free from interference by any outside influence |
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Definition
o Meeting of all 3 estates
o King said this ac was illegal
o King declared nothing would change including heirchys without his approval
1. Fiscal reforms
2. Letters abolished
3. Free press
4. Tax consent |
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o Created without kings approval
o Never to separate until an acceptable constitution was established on solid foundations |
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o Created without kings approval
o A group of people from all estates saying they would join together for equal rights
o Very persistent and would not take no for an answer |
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Term
| How is a baroque city designed and why |
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Definition
| o A Baroque city has a palace in the center with streets moving outward almost as rays. This allowed for faster military response as well as for quickly moving chariots. It also reinforced the idea of an absolutist monarch by having the all roads leading to the palace. |
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Term
| revolution vs coup d’état |
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Definition
| • A revolution is the overruling of an entire governmental system using violence, while coup d’etat is the overthrowing of just a leader, either with or without violence. |
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Term
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Definition
Powerful
Owned 1/10 of the land in France
Church controlled schools
Responsibility of censorship
Own courts of law
Less than 100,000 people
Paid no tax, just a grant every 5 years |
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Definition
Rich and powerful
Exempt from direct tax and maintenance tax
Blood line determines if one is a noble
Owned 1/5 of the land in France |
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Everyone else
21 out of 26 million were peasants
Feudal dues to the tithe of the Church
No daily necessities |
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| Why were assemblies of notables called |
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Definition
| • To vote on whether or not to have the new land tax |
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| why estates general was called |
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Definition
| • Have a fair vote on whether or not to have the new land tax |
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| Difficulties surrounding compositions of estates general |
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Definition
• Hadn’t been called upon since 1614
• One vote for each estate = unfair |
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Term
| "What third estates" wants |
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Definition
• The right to have as many representatives as the other two orders combined
• As well as to have its votes counted by head rather than by order
• The right to share in the framing of a constitution free from interference by any outside influence |
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| List of cahiers from the delegates of the Estates General |
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Definition
• Unification of laws
• Standardization of weights and measures
• An end to government wastefulness
• An end to abuses in public finance and internal customs barriers
• An end to reforms in the Church |
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Term
| Know what the “What is the Third Estate?” grievances discussed by Sieyes. |
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Definition
• Influential pamphlet identifying the Third Estate with the nation as a whole.
• Addressed questions: What is the Third Estate? Everything; What has it been up till now in the political order? Nothing; What does it desire to be? Something.
• Wanted double representation
• Wanted to share in the framing of a constitution free from interference by outside influences. |
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| King offers during the séance royale. What does the King not mention to do? |
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Definition
o Offers Fiscal reform,
o letters de cachet abolished
o free press
o tax concent.
o Does not offer a change in the monarchal system or a constitution. |
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Term
| What does the Tennis Court Oath state and why was it called this? |
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Definition
• States that a deputy may never separate until an acceptable constitution is established on solid foundations.
• Called this because it was signed on a tennis court after the deputies were locked out of the Palace. |
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Term
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Definition
Group of wealthy men, helped with distribution of french propagande
o Secret group
o Talleygrand
o Lafayette
o Abbe Sieyes (clergymen) |
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