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Bench in arabic
Built above the tomb
Made from sundried mud brick, overtime dissolves |
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| Mastaba (part above ground) |
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Zoser (Pharoah)'s grand nazir.
Came up with 6 layer pyramid to prevent robbers (series of mastabas)
Made brick out of limestone instead of mud
First monumental stone structure in history |
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Zoser's step pyramid
1st monumental stone structure in history |
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An engaged column (part of the wall) or non-load bearing column
Pilaster = more decorative buttress |
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Great Pyramid
Made of limestone
Almost twice as high as Zoser's pyramid
480' tall, 756' wide, covers 18 acres. 2.3 million blocks of stone each weighing 2.5 tons |
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First block that is laid for the pyramid that determines the correctness of the structure
On the corner of the pyramid
Perfectly smooth, perfect 90 degree angle at corners |
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| To make the sides of the pyramid smooth (no steps) |
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Made of limestone overlaid with 24K gold to cap off the pyramid at the very top. Small pyramid.
Gold = symbolizes sun |
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Hatshepsut
soft features, soft face, small, and breasts. Was a woman.
Married her half brother, when he died she took over as Pharaoh.
Was Pharaoh for 20 years and there were no wars during that time
Built her tomb valley of the KINGS |
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Hatshepsut's funerary complex in valley of the kings.
Sited - used what nature gave
This is the most beautifully sited structure in the ancient world |
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| Utilizing what nature gives you and what is manmade |
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Temple of Edfu. Entrance facade is Pylon made of limestone.
First pylon. Pylon leads to a courtyard. |
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When doors are all aligned in a straight line.
In temple of Amoun, doors are supposed to lead to Gd |
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Capital angled in
Supposed to look like the Calyx (before flower opens up) Made of limestone blocks. Carved and painted with depictions of gods, goddesses, pharaoh, family. CAPITAL CLOSED UP. |
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| Taller, bigger ones with flaring capitals. CAPITAL FLARED OUT. |
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| Capital looks like stylized palm frons |
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grows along waterways.
Built boats out of these, made sandles, made floor coverings, made the first attempt at paper.
Only indigenous plants to Egypt. |
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| Convex curves on columns that look like bunches of reeds put together |
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Left: Papyrus flower
Right: papyrus bud |
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Window at top of wall, under roofline
Allows for light to come in and for hot air to escape
Can be single window or row of windows
IN THE WALL |
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Window within roof itself
Allows light to come in
IN THE CEILING |
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| Clerestory Windows, Skylights |
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Tapered 4 sided column topped with 4 sided triangle
Tributary
Cut out of one solid piece of stone |
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Had colossus figures built to secure his place in history
Had over 100 sons |
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