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| candidate that receives the backing of his home state rather than of the national party |
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| attempt to ruin an opponent's reputation with insults |
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| system in which non-elected official carry out laws and policies |
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| practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing government employees with the winning candidate's supporters |
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| a meeting held by a political party to choose their party;s candidate for president or decide policy |
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| a tax on imports and exports |
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| to cancel or make ineffective |
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| to force a person or a group of people to move |
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| referring to surprise attacks or raids rather than an organized warfare |
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| to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law |
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| a period of low economic activity and widespread unemployment |
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| policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy |
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| the possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries |
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| a frontiersman living in the wilderness, as in the Rocky mountains. |
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| a person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere |
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| the idea popular in the US during the 1800's that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific |
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| a mexican who claims Texas as his home |
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| a person who arranges for the settlement of land in Texas during the 1800's |
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| an order given by one authority |
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| to add a territory to one's own territory |
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| huge properties for raising livestock set up by mexican settlers in Ca |
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| a group of people with common interest, especially when living together |
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| the intellectual ability to think or plan ahead |
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| a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery |
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| a system that helped enslaved africians americans follow a network of escape routes out of the south to freedom in the north |
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| tariff that raises the price of goods from other countries |
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| runaway or trying to run away |
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| to not take part in some activity, such as voting |
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| political theory that government is subject to the will of the people; before the civil war, the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there |
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| Missourians who traveled in the armed groups to vote in Kansas's election during the mid-1850's |
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| conflict between opposing groups of citizens of the same country |
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| a storage place for weapons and ammunition |
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| a person who sacrifices his or her life for a principle or cause |
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| the states between the north and south that were divided over whether to stay n the union or join the confederacy |
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| withdrawal from the union |
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| rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution; the belief that the states' rights supersede federal rights and law |
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| cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country's ports |
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| position of attacking or the attack itself |
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| Confederate soldier, so called because of opposition to the established government |
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| a military killed, wounded, or captured |
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| to give official approval to |
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| a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned |
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| a selection of persons for military service |
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| money given as a reward, such as to encourage enlistment in the army |
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| a continuous rise in the price of goods and services |
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| occupying a strong defense position |
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| war on all aspects of the enemy's life |
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| the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil war |
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| the granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection from prosecution for an illegal act |
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| a person freed from slavery |
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| laws passed in the South just after the Civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African Americans workers |
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| to overturn a defeat, as a bill proposed in Congress |
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| to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office |
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| name given to by former confederates to southern whites who supported republican reconstruction of the south |
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| name given to northern whites who moved south after the civil war and supported the republicans |
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| dishonest or illegal actions |
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| to end separation of different races and bring into equal membership in society |
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| system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop |
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| settling by agreement or coming together again |
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| a group of persons directed to perform some duty |
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| farm crop raised to be sold for money |
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| a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote |
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| a method used to prevent african americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level |
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| a clause that allowed individuals who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before reconstruction began; an exception to a law based on preexisting circumstances |
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| a separation or isolation of a race |
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| putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob |
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