Term
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Definition
Who: German government
What: Sent a telegram to the German ambassedor in Mexico that said if the U.S. enters WWI, Germany will help Mexico invade the U.S.
When: WWI - revealed to U.S. March 6, 1917
Where: Germany and Mexico
Significance: President Wilson declared war less than a month later/ U.S. joins war |
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Term
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Definition
Who: U.S. Government
What: Government commission created to supervise the purchase of military supplies and oversee the converison of the economy to meet wartime demands.
When: WWI / Created in 1917
Where: United States
Significance: Part of a larger effort to get American industry into producing war materials |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Anyone who tried to oppose the war
What: Outlawed protesting the war and mailing anything to protest the war
When: 1917 / WWI
Where: United States
Significance: Prevented people from protesting the war |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Anyone who was against the war or the government
What: Punished individuals who expressed beliefs hostile or disloyal to the government
When: 1918 / WWI
Where: United States
Significance: Made it illegal to be against the government at all |
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Term
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Definition
Who: President Wilson
What: International organization proposed after WWI to ensure world peace in the future. Promoted countries having representations of their problems rather than wars.
When: After WWI
Where: The international world
Significance: Promoted peace instead of war for the future |
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Term
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Definition
Who: President Wilson
What: President Wilson's plan for having lasting peace, including freedom of the seas, open diplomacy, and self-determination for colonial peoples. Included getting rid of empires and letting people govern themselves.
When: After WWI
Where: The international world
Significance: Promoted lasting world peace on a consistent basis |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Americans
What: Fear of communism in wake of the Russian Revolution that inspired radicalism.
When: 1919-1920
Where: United States
Significance: Inspired radicalism and led to the Palmer Raids |
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Term
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Definition
Who: General A. Mitchell Palmer
What: Government roundup of 6000 suspected alien radicals
When: 1919-1920
Where: United States
Significance: Resulted in the deportation of 556 immigrants |
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Term
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Definition
Who: African Americans
What: 400,000 African Americans left the south to head north and west to escape poverty and racial discrimination
When: 1917-1918
Where: South to North and West United States
Significance: Led to another 800,000 African Americans leaving the south in the 1920s. Shifted African American population towards the north and west. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Women
What: A new term for the modern sexually liberated women of the 1920s
When: 1920s
Where: United States
Significance: Movement for women to become independent and women started working in factories for war efforts |
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Term
| UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) |
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Definition
Who: Marcus Garvey (founded the organization)
What: Organization to promote black self-help, pan-Africanism, and racial separatism.
When: 1914
Where: United States
Significance: Promoted racial separation / Garvey wanted one nation of black people and one nation of white people. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: US Government / immigrants
What: Discriminatory law that limited the number of immigrants based on national origin
When: 1924
Where: United States
Significance: Limited immigration from southern and eastern Europe and prohibited all immigration from east Asia. |
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Term
| TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) |
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / US Government
What: New Deal agency that brought low-cost electricity to rural Americans. Built hydroelectric dams made with hydroelectric power.
When: 1933 during the New Deal
Where: Tennessee and other rural areas
Significance: Built and supervised lots of power plants and hydroelectric dams |
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Term
| NRA (National Recovery Administration) |
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / US Government
What: New Deal agency that regulated production, prices, wages, hours, and collective bargaining. Eventually ruled unconstitutional
When: 1933 / Great Depression
Where: United States
Significance: Helped people with collective bargaining, but failed to produce the intended results |
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Term
| CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) |
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / US Government
What: New Deal program that hired young, unmarried men to work on conservation projects, like building parks and protecting natural resources.
When: 1933
Where: United States
Significance: Employed about 2.5 million men and lasted until 1942 |
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Term
| AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) |
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / US Government / farmers
What: Legislation that raised prices for farm produce by paying farmers subsidies to reduce production.
When: 1933
Where: United States
Significance: Benefitted mostly large farmers, declared unconstitutional in 1936 |
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Term
| WPA (Works Progress Administration) |
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / US Government / unemployed Americans
What: New deal agency established to put unemployed Americans to work on public projects ranging from construction to arts
When: 1935
Where: United States
Significance: Kept men working during the Great Depression |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt
What: Proposal to increase the size of the Supreme Court, allow more justices, reduce its opposition to New Deal legislation. Congress failed to pass it.
When: 1937
Where: United States
Significance: Brought three more laws / Increased resentment towards Roosevelt |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / Americans
What: Act that created retirement pensions for most Americans, as well as unemployment insurance
When: 1935
Where: United States
Significance: Older people were now able to have money when they retire |
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Term
| NLRA (National Labor Relations Act) / Wagner Act |
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Definition
Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt / US Government / American workers
What: Act that created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), who protected workers' right to organize labor unions without owner interference
When: 1935
Where: United States
Significance: Encouraged people to buy businesses in America |
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Term
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Definition
Who: US Government
What: Legislation passed to make it more difficult for the US to become entangled in overseas conflicts.
When: First passed during WWI
Where: United States
Significance: Reflected the strength of the isolationist sentiment in 1930s America |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
What: Agreement negotiated at the Yalta Conference that effectively ended the war in Europe between European Allied and Axis powers.
When: 1945
Where: Yalta Conference
Significance: Did little to ease tension between the Soviet Union and its Western allies, but effectively ended the war in Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: US Government
What: Board established to oversee the economy during WWII
When: 1942
Where: United States
Significance: Part of a larger effort to convert American Industry to the production of war materials |
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Term
| FEPC (Fair Employment Practice Committee) |
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Definition
Who: US Government / military
What: Law that said no discrimination in defense industries / a reaction to worker discrimination
When: 1941
Where: United States
Significance: Helped African Americans have a greater share of wartime industrial jobs |
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Term
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Definition
Who: US Government / People seen as a threat to US security, especially Japanese
What: The relocation of persons seen as a threat to national security to isolated camps.
When: During WWII
Where: United States, especially West Coast
Significance: Nearly all Japanese people living on the West Coast of the US were forced to sell or abandon their possessions and relocate to internment camps during the war |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Harry Truman
What: US pledge to contain the expansion of communism around the world
When: During the Cold War
Where: Around the world
Significance: This doctrine was the conerstone of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Secretary of State George Marshall (developed plan)
What: Post-WWII European economic aid package
When: After WWII
Where: US and Western Europe
Significance: The plan helped rebuild Western Europe and served American political and economic interests in the process |
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Term
| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
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Definition
Who: US and European governments / militaries
What: Cold War military alliance intended to advance the collective security of the United States and Western Europe
When: During the Cold War
Where: US and Western Europe
Significance: Enhanced the security of the US and Western Europe |
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