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| French & Indian War (7 Years War) |
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In Europe
French in America made alliances with Indians
(Washingtons fort?);
French/American
Inian/European |
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| A strategic fort in the Ohio Valley; British sent General Braddock to take this French Fort; Braddock brings Washington with him & Braddock is killed |
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| 1754-- an intercolonial group that tried to achieve greater unity; Ben Franklins cartoon fails |
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| sent to Fort Duquesne; took George Washington with him; was killed in battle |
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| went with Braddock; When Braddock died Washington took over; Never given his commission; when Indians attack colonial borders, Washington has to patrol borders with only 300 men; sent to occupy Ohio; never commissioned |
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| 1759 - British new Prime Minister; concentrates attacks on French Canada |
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| 1759 in Battle of Quebec he captures French Quebec even though he and The French General are killed; (capture of Quebec was turning point of war) |
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| Pontiac, chief of the ottawa tribe, launched attacks on colonial settlements; British troops were sent in to crush the Indian Revolt; British troops remain in the oclonies |
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| passed by British gov't; prohibited colonial settlement past the Appalachians; caused colonial resentment to British |
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| occupation of 90% of colonists; Maryland-tobacco, Carolinas-rice, Middle Colonies-grains |
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colinies had no titaled nobility, society was not controlled from top, & had no large poor underclass;
major exception - slavery;
America was creating a society of equals with a strong middle class |
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| poorly trained thought of; 1765 - first colonial medical school |
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| despised profession at first; rose in prestige after 1750 because lawyers defended colonial rights |
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| Major manufactoring enterprise; half the British erchant fleet was American built |
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| "breadbasket of colonies" |
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| Middle Colonies grew grains |
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| designed by Parliament to inhibit colonial trade with other nations, especially the French |
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| located along main routes of recreation, gossip, & political debate; social classes intermingled in taverns; they became hotbeds of agitation during the Revolution |
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| a religious revival; first spontaneous mass movement in the colonies; broke down sectional/denominational lines |
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| began the Great Awakening |
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con-puritan, located in New England;
ang- located in southern colonies |
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| 1st college in North America |
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| helped fund the University of Penn. (first college free of religious denominational ties; author; inventor; published poor Richards almanac, newspapers, (40 colonial newspapers by the revolution); American ambassador to France |
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| Governors appointed by the king; Salaries were paid by colonial legislatures. |
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for each colony Upper House – often chosen by the king
Lower House – Chosen by the people (more representative) |
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| forced colonists to give room/border to British troops |
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| - 1765; certified on payment of a direct tax on legal documents, contracts, playing cards, dice, and newspapers (colonial battle cry – no taxation without representation) |
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| Declared that parliament still had the right to tax the colonies |
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| Charles Townshend passed a series of revenue, a tax on paper, paint, lead, and tea, Taxes are used to pay governors salaries; sent British soldiers to the most militant city, Boston |
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| March 5, 1770 a crowd formed outside customs house in Boston, attacking the British soldiers guarding the customs house; the soldiers opened fire, killing five |
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| drew a picture of the Boston Massacre |
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| “penman of the revolution” who called for colonial resistance |
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| “intolerable acts”- port of Boston was to be closed until damages were paid; cripples Boston’s economy; Quebec Act angered colonists series of events in motion that led to a revolution |
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| port of Boston was to be closed until damages paid with crippled Boston’s economy |
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| set Quebec’s border at Ohio River; Angered colonists |
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| before second continental congress met, the first battles of the American Revolutionary War occurred April 19, 1775; At Lexington, 8 colonists were killed; Concord, British retreat |
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| captured Fort Ticonderoga in New York “in the name of the Great Jehovah and the continental congress |
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| in New York “in the name of the Great Jehovah and the continental congress |
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| near the end of 1775, he led on American invasion of Canada; the result was an American defeat |
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| resulted in American defeat led by Benedict Arnold; benifited America |
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| June 17, 1775; in Boston; Colonial battle cry "don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"; British lost 1/3 of their army, over 1,000 men |
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published pamphlets:
-"Common Sense" - Paine called for a final break with England and a demand for independece; said it was absurd for an island to govern a contnent; Americans supported Paine
-"The Crisis" - pamphlet designed to lift spirits when the war was going bad for the colonists |
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| broke with revolutionaries |
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| (Ben's son); last royal governor of New Jersey; 80,000 flee to Canada |
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| victory that saved the Revolution; Washington crossed the Deleware River and captured 1,000 Hessian soldiers |
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| led to French recognition of Independence; Spain joins the alliance the following year; General Burgoyne is defeated by American troops at this battle |
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| defeated by American toops at the Battle of Saratoga |
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| French; Lands in America with 6,000 troops |
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| "swamp fox"; led Revolutionary forces |
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| went to Yorktown VA to await reinforcements; surrenders on Oct. 19, 1721; defeat of Yorktown dooms British cause in US |
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| French Admiral de Grasse defeats British fleet |
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| battle where Cornwallis surrenders |
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| treaty ended American Revolution; Britain forced to recognize independence of its colonies in America South of Canada; Ben Franklin, John Jay, & John Adams represented the US |
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Treaty of Paris
1. recognized US independence
2. British withdrew troops from US
3. America was to return disputed lands to Loyalists
4. British gave Americans generous peace terms to make them end their alliance with France
5. 1783 - Parliament limited George III's power |
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Results of Revolution
1. England no longer dominates North America
2. balance of power restored
3. Spain regains Florida from England
4. French inspired by US example
5. French government bankrupt
6. US expands westward
7. Indiands punished
8. North abolished slavery |
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