Term
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Definition
-European merchants were determined to find a product that the Chinese would
buy in large quantities
-opium- a habit forming narcotic made from the poppy plant
-British smuggled opium into China
-the growing supply of opium caused great social, moral, and monetary
problems for the country
-started the Opium War
-Britain won b/c they had gunboats and sophisticated cannons |
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Term
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Definition
-an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country
-the U.S. and other foreign citizens had this
-exemption from Chinese law at 4 Chinese ports besides Guangzhou |
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Term
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Definition
-led by Hong Xiuquan
-the Treaty of Nanjing had granted Christian missionaries increased privileges in china
-taiping means “great peace”
-Hong thought of China becoming a “heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
-there, all Chinese people would share China’s vast wealth and no one would
live in poverty |
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Term
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Definition
-proposed and declared by the U.S
-this policy proposed that China’s “doors” be open to merchants of all nations
-Britain and the other European nations agreed
-this policy thus protected both American trading rights in China and China’s freedom from colonization
-but the country was still at the mercy of foreign powers |
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Term
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Definition
-peasants and workers resented the special privileges granted to foreigners
-they formed a secret organization called “The Society of Harmonious Fists”
-they became known as the Boxers |
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Term
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Definition
-led the Taiping Rebellion
-had mystical visions and wanted to save the world, beginning with China
-dreamed of a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
-in his kingdom, all Chinese people would share in China’s vast wealth and no one would live in poverty |
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Term
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Definition
-China’s young emperor
-introduced measures to modernize China
-his aunt, Dowager Empress Cixi placed him under arrest
-people thought that they were being threatened |
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Term
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Definition
-was committed to traditional values
-supported certain reforms
-in the 1860s, she backed a self-streghtening movement
-it aimed to update China’s educational system, diplomatic service, and military
-they set up arsenals to manufacture gunboats, rifles, and ammunition |
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Term
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Definition
-first, the French tried to build it but it didn’t work
-Roosevelt offered Colombia $10 million plus a yearly payment for the right to build a canal
-Colombia demanded more money
-the US responded by encouraging a revolution in Panama
-they had been trying to break away from Colombia for almost a century
-in 1903, the US Navy helped them win their country’s independence
-in gratitude, Panama gave the US a ten-mile-wide zone in which to build a
canal |
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Term
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Definition
-military dictators of a Latin American country
-they ruled almost all of the L.A. countries
-gained fame and power
-upper class supported them b/c they opposed giving power to the lower classes |
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Term
| Latin America’s trading partners |
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Definition
-Europe and North America
-imported European and North American manufactured goods
-they had little reason to develop their own industries |
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Term
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Definition
-an 1898 conflict between the US and Spain, in which the US supported Cuban’s fight for independence
-Cubans resented US intervention, the military government the US had installed, and its preventing Cuba from becoming truly independent
-Spain gave up Puerto Rice, Guam, and the Philippines to the US as a result of the war
-then US set its sights on Panama
-Cuba became independent
-the US is kind of controlling Cuba |
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Term
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Definition
-a writer
-returned to right for Cuban independence
-fought for Cuban independence |
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Term
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Definition
-Pres. Theodore Roosevelt’s 1904 extention of the Monroe Doctrine, in which he declared that the US had the right to exercise “police power” throughout the western hemisphere
-the US used it to justify American intervention in L.A |
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Term
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Definition
-a US policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America,
announced by Pres. James Monroe in 1823
-it stated that the American continents are hence forth not to be considered as subjects for further colonization by any European powers
-Britain’s powerful navy backed the doctrine
-Cuba provided a real testing ground
-Cuba was one of Spain’s last colonies in the Americas |
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Term
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Definition
-a caudillo and president 4 times
-fought for Mexican independence
-wanted to help the poor/worked to serve his country
-had good leadership qualities (integrity, honesty, good judgement)
-la reforma
-improved education
-separated church and state
-redistribution of land
-wanted to make sure that there was peace, progress, and reform
-was exiled by Santa Anna |
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Term
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Definition
-a revolutionary leader in the south
-raised a very powerful army
-land reform (esp. giving back to the poor)
-“Land and Liberty” (slogan) |
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Term
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Definition
-a military general
-became president after Madero
-unpopular (esp. with Villa and Zapata) |
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Term
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Definition
-president in 1911
-a head revolutionary leader for the Mexican Revolution
-educated in the US and France=democracy
-called for revolution against Diaz |
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Term
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Definition
-revolutionary leader
-overthrew Huerta (did it with Villa and Zapata)
-turned against his allies
-turned his army against Villa and Zapata
-murdered Zapata
-new constitution in 1917
-still in effect today
-see page 353 |
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Term
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
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Definition
-caudillo
-president 4 times
-fought for Mexican independence from Spain
-fought against the US over Texas
-the most powerful caudillo
-his ideas and rules were inconsistent |
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Term
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Definition
-Madero started the revolution
-he called for a revolution against Diaz
-Villa, Zapata, and other revolutionary armies won important victories against
Diaz’s army
-Diaz agreed to step down |
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Term
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Definition
-a caudillo
-a military general
-ousted the president and took control
-offered bribes such as land, power, and political favors for support
-abused those who did not support him
-his slogan was “Order and Progress”
-before it was “Liberty, Order, and Progress”
-convinced people that he worked for land reform
-in the end, was able to expand railroads, good currency, foreign investments
-the poor remained poor |
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