Term
| Mesopotamia is in what modern day city? |
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| Which river or rivers does Mespotamia lie adjacent to? |
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Who are the Sumerians and where/when did they live? (Which City-state)
What are they famous for?
What is their writing called and what specific type of system is it? |
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Definition
They lived in Southern Mesopotamia in a city-state called Sumer
They're famous for writing and mathematics (measuing time in units of 6 & 10)
Their writing is called cuneiform and uses triangle shapes. It was a phonetic language system |
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Term
The Sumerians had a sophistic education system for one segment of their population- which segment and why?
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Definition
| Scribes. The system was used to teach them how to write. |
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Term
| Which civilization generated the Epic of Gilgamesh? |
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Definition
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| Were the Sumerians polytheistic or monotheistic? |
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Definition
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The Sumerians were conquered- by whom?
Approximately when did this happen?
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Definition
Sumerians were conquered by the Akkadians and their king, Sargon, who created an Akkadian empire.
This occurred in 2331 BC |
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Term
| What was the Akkadian capital city? |
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Definition
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Term
Phonecia is now which modern country?
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Definition
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Term
| Historic Palestine is now which modern country? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mesopotamia was subdivided again in 2100 B.C. after which civilization was overthrown? |
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Definition
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Term
The Old Babylonian Empire was created by whom?
What was the capital city of this empire? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the code of Hammurabi? |
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Definition
| A series of laws- 282 in total- that outlined how people should live. It was based on the principle of 'eye for an eye.' |
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Term
In 1595 Babylon was conquered and the capital city of Babylon was destroyed. Who conquered Babylon & where were they from?
These people gave away Babylon to another group. Who did they give it to? |
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Definition
In 1595 Babylon was conquered by Hittites from Anatolia.
The Hittites turned over Babylon to the Kassites (Persians) |
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Term
Who was the first Pharoah to rule over a unified Egypt?
When did this occur?
Which Era did this happen in? |
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Definition
Menes united upper and lower Egypt.
This happened in 3100 B.C. (5,000 Years Ago)
This happened in an Era called 'Archaic' (3100 BC-2660 BC) |
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Term
| What was the second era in Egypt and when did it occur? |
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Definition
| Old Kingdom (2660-2180 BC) |
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Term
| In which Era were the Egyptian Pyramids constructed? |
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Definition
| Old Kingdom (2660-2180 BC) |
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Term
| What was the 3rd Era in Egypt and when did it occur? |
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Definition
| First Intermediate Period. It occurred from 2180 BC-2080 BC |
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Term
| When did the Middle Kingdom Era in Egypt Occur? |
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Definition
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Term
When did the Second Intermediate Period occur in Egypt?
Why is this period notable? |
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Definition
1640-1570 BC
The Hyksos took over Egypt |
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Term
When did the New Kingdom Era occur in Egypt?
Why is this Notable?
Which famous Pharaoh tried to change Egypt to a monotheistic culture? What was his second name? |
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Definition
New Kingdom occurred from 1570-1075 BC
Egypt becomes an empire during this time
Pharaoh Amenhotep IV
Changed name to Akhenhaten |
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Term
Which God did Akhenhaten believe in?
What was the capital of Egypt at this time and where did he move it?
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Definition
Akenhaten (aka: Ahmenhotep IV) believed in Aton- the sun God.
He moved the capital from Thebes to the city of Akhenhaten
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Term
Besides Amenhotep IV (aka Akhenhaten)- who was the other notable Pharoah of the New Kingdom Era in Egypt?
Why is he famous? |
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Definition
Rameses II
He built the tempel of Abu Simbel- he was a great builder |
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Term
Where were the Hittites from?
Which modern country is this? |
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Definition
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Term
In 1200 BC, the Egyptian Empire & which other empire were destroyed by outside invaders?
Who were these invaders (3 groups)? |
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Definition
Hittite Empire
1.Sea Peoples 2.Libyans from the West 3.Nubians from the South |
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Term
| Egypt was invaded by Libyans & Nubians, along with Sea Peoples. This reduced Egyptian Empire to its original territory and noted the start of which period? |
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Definition
| 3rd Intermediate Period (1075-664 BC) |
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Term
| Which is the first successful monotheistic culture? |
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Definition
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Term
Which culture was famous for a particularly brutal type of warfare?
Who was their king?
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Definition
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Term
| Which modern day country was historically called Phoenecia? |
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Definition
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Term
The phoenecians founded a city on the coast of Africa in 813 BC. Which city?
Why are the Phoenecians famous? |
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Definition
Carthage
Their alphabet made reading and writing easier thanks to the use of phoenetics. |
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Term
In 1020 BC a group of tribes unified to form one kingdom- what is it called?
Who was the king?
Who was the second king? |
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Definition
Hebrews unified to form Israel
First king of unified Israel was Saul
Second king of Israel was David |
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Term
Who was the 3rd king of Israel?
The second king, David, moved the capital of Israel to which city?
After the 3rd king died, Isreal broke up into two parts- what are their names? |
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Definition
Solomon
Jerusalem
Israel to the North, Judah to the South |
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Term
Isreal was two parts after death of King Solomon:
1. Name the Northern Half & Capital
2. Name the Southern Half and Capital |
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Definition
Northern Half called Isreal, capital called Sumeria
Southern Half called Judah, capital called Jerusalem
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Term
In 722 BC the Northern Kingdom of Isreal was conquered by whom?
In 587 BC Judah (Southern Kingdom) was conquered by whom?
What was so difficult about this period (587BC) and what is it called?
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Definition
Assyrians
New Babylonians
In 587 the New Babylonians conquered Judah, destroyed Jerusalem and deported thousands of Hebrews to Babylon. They held them from 587-538BC. This was called the Babylonian Captivity |
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Term
Who ended the Babylonian captivity? What year did this happen?
What country did this person come from?
Judah was renamed to what?
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Definition
Cyrus the Great freed the captives in 538 BC
He was a Persian King.
Judah was renamed Judea and was controlled by Persians. |
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Term
Jews monotheistic or polytheistic?
Who are/is the Jewish God(s)?
What is the covenant? |
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Definition
Monotheistic
Yahweh
An agreement between Yahweh and the Jews that they would worship and obey him/follow his laws in exchange for being his chosen people. He'd also protect them. |
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Term
What is Mosaic Law?
What is proselytism? |
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Definition
Also called the Torah, it is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible- also called the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
The idea of converting people to your religion. |
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Term
Assyrians are from where (geographically)?
Babylonians are from where (geographically)?
Who was Ashurbanipal?
Sumerians are from where (geographically)?
What was the Assyrian Capital city?
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Definition
Assyrians are from the Northern Part of Mesopotamia
Babylonians are from South Mesopotamia
He was an Assyrian King who could read and write
Sumerians are from South Mesopotamia
Assyrian Capital City Nineveh |
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Term
| In 612 BC the capital of the Assyrian Empire, Nineveh, is conquered by which two groups? |
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Definition
| New Babylonians and Medes |
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Term
Who ruled the Neo Babylonians from 604-562BC?
The new Babylonians conquered two places and destroyed one of their capital cities in 587BC- name all three. |
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Definition
Nebuchadnezzar ruled the Neo Babylonians
Judah, Syria and the capital city of Jerusalem |
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Term
| The Neo Babylonians were conquered in 539 BC by whom? |
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Definition
New Babylonians were conquered by the Persians and the Medes
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Term
Who was Cyrus the Great?
He conquered Medes and made it a Santrapy: what is a Santrapy?
Name Cyrus' 2 successors |
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Definition
Cyrus the Great was a Persian Ruler from 559-530 BC
A Santrapy is a Province- in this case, a province of Persia
First was Cambyses II
Second was Darius |
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Term
Were the Persians polytheistic or monotheistic in 600 BC?
What was their religion? |
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Definition
Monotheistic
Zoroastrianism |
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Term
Who was the God in Zoroastrianism?
Who was the Devil? |
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Definition
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Term
The first great civilization in India was called what?
Which river was this adjacent to? |
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Definition
Indus- also called Harappan Civilization
Indus river
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