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History of Dentistry Odd Questions
odd
62
Dentistry
Graduate
07/21/2015
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Term
Because of the primitive cariogenic diet, the dental decay rate of prehistoric man was about 50%.
 Definition
False, ancient man ate few fermentable carbohydrates. “Twinkies” had not yet been invented; prehistoric man had a 2% decay rate.
Term
Teeth have been important throughout the ages because they have symbolized sexual potency, power, vigor, beauty, strength, and wisdom.
 Definition
True, teeth are psychologically important to most individuals.
Term
Sacerdotalism, as expressed by priestly incantations and mysticism, was a way early man attempted to use to cure toothache.
 Definition
True, priestly intercession by incantations and magic were believed to be valuable to cure dental pain
Term
During the time of the early Greeks, a widespread notion prevailed that sickness was a punishment of the gods.
 Definition
True, the gods were blamed for bringing disease to mankind.
Term
The Worm Theory of tooth decay was believed in practically all countries in the world, except in North America.
 Definition
False, the American Indians also believed in this theory.
Term
The first people to use a toothbrush made of twigs and roots were the Egyptians.
 Definition
False, about 4,000 B.C., ancient Hindus of India used a toothbrush made of twigs and roots.
Term
The early Egyptians filled teeth with a crude form of dental amalgam.
 Definition
False, early Egyptians did not fill teeth with restorative materials, although they did appear to insert toothache remedies into cavities.
Term
The hieroglyphic symbols of a bird, tusk, and arrow signify the “great of those who deal with the teeth, and of the physicians.”
 Definition
True.
Term
Hammurabi’s Code (1900 B.C.) dealt with a code of laws and morality for physicians but failed to mention teeth.
 Definition
False, teeth were mentioned frequently; e.g., a “Tooth for a Tooth” justice.
Term
The Chinese were known for their practice of digitally-extracting teeth.
 Definition
False, the Japanese were the ones who developed the ability to extract teeth using their fingers.
Term
The modern toothbrush was invented by Chinese in 1498.
 Definition
False, recent evidence shows that the Chinese developed the toothbrush as early as 959 A.D.
Term
Hippocrates taught that an accumulation of depraved juices in the tooth was responsible for tooth decay.
 Definition
True.
Term
The writings of Hippocrates formed the basis of clinical medicine for 20 centuries.
 Definition
True, he has been called the “Father of Modern Medicine.”
Term
The founder of the science of anatomy was Aristotle.
 Definition
True, he also gave to medicine zoology and embryology.
Term
The finest prosthodontists of antiquity were the Phoenicians.
 Definition
False, that title goes to the Etruscans of Italy, who were master goldsmiths.
Term
An early Roman term for the toothpick is “Dentiscappia.”
 Definition
True
Term
St. Appolonia’s Saint Day is February 9th.
 Definition
True, her Saint’s day is celebrated as a holiday in some dental schools.
Term
King Solomon was known as the “King of Justice.”
 Definition
True
Term
The ritual of ablution as practiced by the Arabs included the use of a siwak to clean the mouth prior to prayers.
 Definition
True, Mohammed said, “you shall clean your mouth, for this is a means of praising Allah.” The siwak is a small brush-like frayed stick.
Term
The dental notes and drawings of Leonardo da Vinci greatly aided the development of dentistry during the Renaissance.
 Definition
False, they were relatively unknown until about 1778 when they were discovered in a British royal castle.
Term
The pelican is a dental instrument used in the 1500s and later, which was used to scale calculus from teeth.
 Definition
False, the pelican was an extraction instrument only, shaped like the beaks of a bird.
Term
At the time the Barber-Surgeon guild was chartered (1540), barbers could not extract teeth, and were only permitted to shave or bloodlet.
 Definition
False, both barbers and surgeons could extract teeth, but only barbers could shave or bloodlet.
Term
In 1651, Nathaniel Highmore discovered the maxillary sinus
 Definition
False, although it had already been described previously by Vesalius and others, he was the first to describe it accurately.
Term
The first two monumental published works exclusively related to dentistry were Artzney Buchlein (1530) and Zene Artzney (1532).
 Definition
True, this 44 page pamphlet was an anonymous compilation of writings by Pliny, Celsus, Galen, Avicenna, Musee, and Vigo.
Term
Leeuwenhoeck was the first to describe oral microorganisms in plaque over 300 years ago.
 Definition
True, he discovered bacteria, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi.
Term
George Washington wore “wooden” dentures
 Definition
False, Dr. Reidar Sognnaes, a forensic pathologist from UCLA, used the electron microscope to show that Washington’s dentures were made of ivory and/or metal
Term
Fauchard’s Le Chirurgien Dentiste (1728) was the most important dental book ever written.
 Definition
True, in this 863 page book in two volumes, Fauchard covered the entire field of dentistry.
Term
Most men in 19th century America became dentists under the preceptorship study of dentistry.
 Definition
True.
Term
In 1898, G.V. Black introduced the term “gelatinous plaque” to describe microbial colonies on the tooth surface.
 Definition
True, black also stated that this microbial mass was the “cause” of periodontal disease.
Term
Dr. Juliann Bluitt was the first woman appointed Dean of a dental school.
 Definition
False, the first woman dean was Dr. Jeanne C. Sinkford of Howard University
Term
Evidence of women providing dental services has been found to exist as early as the 13th century.
 Definition
True
Term
Dr. Henrietta Hirschfield, a native of Germany, was the first woman to complete the 2-year course of study at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1867.
 Definition
True
Term
Mrs. Giles in 18th century London established a recall system in her dental practice.
 Definition
False, Mrs. Thompson of England did so in 1808.
Term
The two most exciting years in dentistry were 1858-1859.
 Definition
False, 1839-1840 with the publication of the American Journal of Dental Science, the inauguration of the first dental school, and the first organized dental society.
Term
The American Dental Association began as a section of the American Medical Association.
 Definition
False, the developed independently
Term
The first national dental journal was sponsored by the ADA.
 Definition
False, the ADA was not in existence until later (1859). Chapin A. Harris and a group of New York dentists edited the first dental journal, the American Journal of Dental Sciences.
Term
Dr. C. Edmund Kells of New Orleans hired the first female dental assistant on record in 1885. His action shocked other dentists of that era.
 Definition
True, he called these woman assistants, “the ladies in attendance.”
Term
William Conrad Roentgen was the first American to take dental radiographs.
 Definition
False, Roentgen was German, Dr. C. Edmund Kells of New Orleans produced the first dental x-ray in America in 1896.
Term
Dr. C. Edmund Kells of New Orleans made the first dental radiograph in the world in April of 1896.
 Definition
False, it was made by Dr. Otto Walkoff of Braunschweig, Germany. The first X-ray of the molar-premolar area required a 25 minute exposure!
Term
Dr. Ida Gray Nelson Robbins was the first black woman to hold a degree in Dentistry.
 Definition
True.
Term
Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor was one of the first group of dentists to be registered in the state of Connecticut
 Definition
True
Term
Emiline Roberts Jones was the first American woman to receive the D.D.S. degree
 Definition
False, it was Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor, who graduated February 21, 1866, from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery (Cincinnati). She practiced dentistry for 49 years.
Term
Unlike the situation in Europe, dentistry in America has always been considered a profession rather than a trade.
 Definition
False, early American dentistry developed as a trade with apprenticeships.
Term
From its earliest beginnings, the world’s first dental school was directly affiliated with the University of Maryland.
 Definition
False, physicians from the University of Maryland Medical School were opposed to the mere idea of a dental college being a “department” of their college. Dentists were considered inferior in all ways.
Term
Admission requirements were stringent for the first five candidates to dental school.
 Definition
False, one only needed the “rudiments of an English education.”
Term
The first dental periodical was the American Journal of Dental Science.
 Definition
True, it was first published in 1839.
Term
In the U.S., prior to 1840, dentistry was largely practiced by blacksmiths and barbers, and they were charlatans and quacks.
 Definition
False, taking all things into consideration at that time, dentists were highly intelligent, inventive, relatively well-educated, and practiced good dentistry.
Term
Chapin A. Harris founded the world’s first dental journal.
 Definition
True, he founded and edited the first dental periodical in 1839.
Term
The first national society was the Society of Dental Surgeons of New York City.
 Definition
True, this was a small local meeting, the precursor to the American Society of Dental Surgeons, held in New York City, August 1840.
Term
The degree D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine) was created by the Harvard Dental School in 1869.
 Definition
True, they created a new degree, Dentaire Medicinae (Doctor of Dental Medicine). Some dental schools still issue the D.M.D. degree.
Term
The degree D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine) was created by the Harvard Dental School in 1869.
 Definition
True, they created a new degree, Dentaire Medicinae (Doctor of Dental Medicine). Some dental schools still issue the D.M.D. degree.
Term
The founding of the first dental school preceded the founding of dental periodic literature.
 Definition
False, the first journal was published in June, 1839, and the first dental school opened in November of 1840.
Term
Chapin A. Harris died a pauper, leaving his wife indigent.
 Definition
True, in 1860, he died at the age of 54. He had spent so much of his own money to develop dentistry into a profession that he left his wife penniless.
Term
Dr. Horace H. Hayden, M.D., D.D. S. was an enthusiastic supporter of the establishment of a dental journal
 Definition
False, he first opposed the idea, thinking that they were giving “free” information to quacks and charlatans.
Term
The first dentist to get a D.D.S. degree was Dr. Robert Arthur and he only attended dental school for four months.
 Definition
True, Dr. Arthur received the first D.D.S. degree on March 9, 1841. He was only 22 years old. He was given 4 months credit for the experience he already had in dentistry.
Term
The first dental school in Indiana was established in 1879 with Dr. P.G.C. Hunt as the first dean
 Definition
True
Term
Indiana University School of Dentistry is the “birthplace” for dental radiology in an educational setting.
 Definition
True, the first course in dental rariology was established at IU in 1910; the first textbook in 1915; both by Dr. Howard R. Raper, an Indiana University School of Dentistry professor. He coined the term “radiodontia.”
Term
Sanford Barnum wanted to patent the idea of using a rubber damn, and license dentists for its use world-wide.
 Definition
False, he presented his invention to the profession as a free gift.
Term
“Painless” Parker was a perfect example of a non-ethical dentist.
 Definition
False. Sometimes the line between ethical practice of dentistry and “quackery” is indistinct. Dr. Parker actually should not be called a quack. He made many innovations in dentistry which have helped dentists, e.g., group practice.
Term
When first introduced, water fluoridation reduced decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) by 50-65%.
 Definition
True
Term
Germ-free rats can get dental caries if fed enough sugar.
 Definition
False, cariogenic bacteria must be present.
Term
Tooth decay is essentially a childhood disease.
 Definition
False, on average, teenagers and adults develop one new carious lesion per year. Also, root caries affect about 60% of people over the age of 50, and over 70% of persons over the age of 60.
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