What elements in early 20th century life influenced the Italian Futurists? How were their ideas translated in architectural language? (remember to be specific)

Some of the elements were the beginning of WWI, John Ruskin (style of painting and his beliefs). In architecture they wanted to create something new and that was never done before. Fillippo Tommaso produced graphic and obscene novels and plays. Umberto Boccioni painted and tried to show speed and movement in his paintings. Antonio Sant’ Elia produced sketches of designs for building but never built anything.  One of his sketches was for Citta Nuova which depicted concrete forms(new material being used for the first time and experimented with). New ways to organize cities. The viewpoints of the drawing were from the bottom up making the buildings seem larger than they actually were.

Briefly describe Loos’ architectural ideas from articles and publications. Explain how his architectural production correlates with these ideas. Is his design work consistent with his published ideas? Explain.

How did Henry Van de Velde combine architecture with craft? What significance does that have for his architectural design?

What was Garnier’s relationship with the Gran Prix de Rome? What political events likely had a significant influence on his career? How does that influence manifest itself?

Garnier won the Gran Prix de Rome and after his year in the Villa Medici he spent 4 years in Rome studying both old and new Roman architecture. In response to the Drefus Affair and the political stance of Emilie Zola, Garnier was influenced by the utopian style of Zola which created his designs for La Cite Industrielle.

Perret can be called both revolutionary and traditional. Using specific architectural works argue for a revolutionary interpretation, and then argue for a traditional interpretation

Revolutionary – by use of concrete, curtain walls – Notre Dame du Raincy

Traditional – classical form, theatre – Theatre Champs-Elysees, Theatre Exposition des Arts Decoratif; roof setback = Gothic – Immeuble Rue Franklin, Immeuble Rue Wagram Perret was revolutionary specifically in the Notre Dame du Raincy because of the use of concrete and then also the walls are curtain walls. Also at Atelier Esders the concrete arches that support the skylight are revolutionary. At Le Havre the typical Corinthian column is more designed and altered. Traditional aspects include the classical forms at both Theatre Champs-Elysées and Theatre Exposition des Arts Decoratif. The setback roof on both Immeuble Rue Wagram and Immeuble Rue Franklin is Gothic.

What were the aims of the Deutsche Werkbund? How did the architectural production of Behrens, Gropius, and Meyer support those aims?

Deutsche Werkbund tried to upgrade the quality of German manufactured goods. These architects built factories that symbolized change in culture from church to industry. (factories are the centers of the cities not the churches).

Turbinenfabrik was designed to fit the moveable crane so that it can move properly in the interior. Faguswerk (Gropius and Meyer), American type factory, flatroofs (fire issued), curtain wall, self-supported stairs. Deutsche Werkbund Austellung Model Factory, classical quality (Frank Lloyd Wright quality). Separate staircase, separate from the exterior skin, Material: reinforced concrete, glazing.

What served as an influence to Taut’s interest in glass? Which other architects and buildings were in turn influenced by Taut?

Scheerbart influenced Taut’s designs by first talking about glass and architecture. Die Glaserne Kette- collection of writings by architects without commissions, influences by glass and its application in architecture. Die Stadtkrone writings by Taut.

Mendelsohn’s architectural production is called an example of Expressionism. Is that term appropriate to describe his work? Using examples, make your point.

He wanted to invoke a feeling from his buildings and wanted people to think about the idea behind the construction. In Einsteinturm the structure makes you think of the future and the odd forms he created to shape the building. Lukenwalde Hutfabrik has concrete arches, organized like a church(nave and aisles).

What relationship does Reitveld’s furniture and architecture have to Van Doesburg and Mondrian? (hint: cite specific works and/or details)

Reitveld’s Red Chair is basically a Mondrain chair in furniture form. The simple use of primary colors and also an exposed lines. Schroder House uses the same style as in the paintings and furniture.

Why was Le Corbusier obsessed with the engineer?

Since architecture at that time was at a stand -still, the engineers were making advances with aeronautics, cars and other technology. Le Corbusier wanted to redefine what architecture was and what it produced. Bring more creativity to the design of  a building. “ the house is a machine for living”

Take an early residence designed by Le Corbusier and explain why it is a machine for living in.

Each of his buildings revolved around the 5 points of architecture. His earlier works created a basic design pattern that becomes a staple in his later works (like mass production). A purpose of the building is defined and then the 5 points meet the need of that purpose.

How is materiality important in the work of Mies van der Rohe? Cite specifics.