Term
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Definition
| - Self-denial in order to achieve spiritual enhancement |
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Term
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Definition
- The archetypal example of instrumentally-rational action
-The rule of law, rather than of persons, is most clearly observed in this form of administration.
-This form of administration is impersonal, objective and based on knowledge.
- McDonald's, Inc.
- An organization based on official rules and regulations, explicit job descriptions, hierarchical; decision-making, and promotions. |
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Term
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Definition
- Free labor is one of the key characteristics of this system
- This system is characterized by the "iron cage of rationality." |
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Term
| Dysfunction(s) of Bureaucracy |
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Definition
- Bureaucratic "red tape"
- Displacement of goals
- Ritualism (over conformity to the rules) |
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Term
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Definition
| - A theoretical concept with which actual concrete facts are compared |
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Term
| Irrationality of Rationality |
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Definition
- Bureaucratic "red tape"
- The denial of human reason and humanity by rational systems |
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Term
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Definition
| - The search for the optimum means to a given end that is shaped by rules, regularities, and larger social structures. |
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Term
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Definition
- Highlighted the importance of work
- Promoted a methodically organized life governed by faith.
- Characterized by the belief in the doctrine of predestination |
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Term
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Definition
- The rule of law, rather than of persons, is a reflection of this process
- The process by which every aspect of human action became subject to calculation, measurement and control
- Promotes the dominance of instrumental rationality in all areas of social life
- The emergence of the scientific mentality
- McDonaldization
- The historical process in which magic and other forms of historical wisdom become less acceptable as a means for explaining events. |
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Term
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Definition
- Views acquisitiveness, trade and profit as indications of personal virtue
- The value of work as an end in itself |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - The method of understanding the subjective meanings people give to their actions |
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Term
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Definition
- Ancestor Worship
- Voting for one party because one's family has always done so
- Singing the national anthem at sporting events |
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Term
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Definition
- Sexual attraction
- Prejudice against males
- The emotional bond between parent and child |
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Term
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Definition
- Avoiding alcohol because of one's faith
- Following dietary rules dictated by one's religious beliefs
- Opposition to a homeland security policy because one believes it violates individual rights |
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Term
| Instrumentally-rational Action |
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Definition
- Capital investment
- Holding organizational rallies in order to recruit new members
- Conducting sociological research
- Opposition to a homeland security policy because one judges it to be ineffective |
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Term
| Cultural Values and Beliefs |
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Definition
- Protestant ethic
- Doctrine of predestination
- Spirit of capitalism
-Belief in atonement
- Work Ethic
-Taboo against idleness and recreational sports |
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Term
| Social Structure (patterns of social action) |
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Definition
- Industrialization
-Bureaucratic organization
-Commercial enterprise |
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Term
| Psychological Orientation |
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Definition
- Fear and damnation
- Psychological withdrawal from the world
- Spiritual renewal |
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Term
| Functionalist Perspective |
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Definition
- This perspective would ask: What are the functional and dysfunctional consequences of the internet?
-Social facts either serve or undermine the social system
- Social order is created and maintained by shared norms and values
- Society is a relatively stable system of interrelated and interdependent parts
-The view that social institutions generally represent societal consensus and serve the collective good
-This perspective is found in the work of Emile Durkheim
- This perspective emphasizes the relationship between capitalism and social integration |
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Term
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Definition
- This perspective would ask: Who benefits from the advancements in computer technology?
-Social facts reflect people's efforts to satisfy their material needs
- Social order is created and maintained by power and domination
- Society consists of groups competing with one another over scarce resources
- The view that social institutions generally represent societal consensus and serve the collective good
- This perspective is found in the work of Karl Marx
- This perspective emphasizes systems of exploration under capitalism |
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Term
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Definition
-Social facts reflect the interrelationship of people's values, psychological orientations, and patterns of action
-Social order is created and maintained by meaningful social action
-Society consists of people interacting with one another and attaching meaning to one another's behavior
-This perspective is found in the work of Max Weber
-This perspective emphasizes the meanings that motivate people's behavior in a capitalist society |
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Term
| "Iron Cage of Rationality" |
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Definition
-Weber's view that the bureaucracy encases human beings.
-He saw bureaucracies as impossible to destroy and humans would always be ruled by them.
-Even if we wanted to destroy the bureaucracy we would want to choose the most efficient/rational way which would require creating yet another bureaucracy. |
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