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| South west morocco, In 1911, the arrival of a German gunboat (the Panther), officially to protect the local German community, triggered the Agadir Crisis between France and Germany which allowed France, in 1913, to occupy nearly the whole kingdom of Morocco. |
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| When? 1800’s to present. Where? Islamic movement. What? The Salafiyya movement sought to engineer a religious revival and reform that would incorporate Western conceptions of modernity and assert the religious and cultural identity of Islam at the same time. The central part of the Salafiyya program consisted of legal reform through reinterpreting Islamic law (the shariʿa) to make it compatible with Western and modern values. |
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| When? 1890 Where? Tunisia. Who? Tunisian politician, Carcasion |
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| When? 1912. Who? Berber Pasha of Marrakech, He became head of the Glaoua upon the death of his elder Brother Si el Madani, and as an ally of the French in Morocco conspired with them in the overthrow of the king, Sultan Mohammed V. |
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| When? En 1934. Where? Tunisian. What? Political aprty in Tunisia, until 1964, Neo Destour led the Tunisian independence struggle after the tumultuous period during World War II, Independence from France was negotiated largely by the Neo Destour, effective March, 1956 |
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| Where? City of Spain, on the coast, surrounded by Morocco. Ceuta's location has made it an important commercial trade and military way-point for many cultures, beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC, who called the city Abyla. It was not until the Romans took control of the region in AD 42 that the port city, then named Septa, assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. |
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| Where? Morocco. When? 1970’s. Who? founded the nationalist Istiqlal party which was a driving force in the Moroccan struggle for independence from French colonial rule. He broke with the party in the mid-1950s, siding with armed revolutionaries and urban guerrillas who waged a violent campaign against French rule, whereas most the nationalist mainstream preferred a diplomatic solution. |
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| Battle of the three kings |
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| Where? Northern Morocco. When? 1578. What? Battle between Tangier and Fez, The defeat of Portugal led to the end of the Aviz dynasty, and the integration of the country in the Iberian Union for 60 years under the Philippine Dynasty in a dynastic union with Spain. |
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| Where? Saharran part of Morocco. When? 1971. What? Sahrawi rebel national liberation movement working for the independence of Western Sahara from Morocco, express intention of militarily forcing an end to Spanish colonization. |
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| hillside Muslim cemetery in Tunis, Tunisia, 13th century, In 1911, mass demonstrations, known as the Tramway Riots,[2] took place at the cemetery against the French, triggered by land registration and entitlement disputes. A bloody confrontation took place after the burial of the wife of an eager propagandist of naturalisation and resulted in the death of 39 people, 9 of them French and 5 of them Italian |
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