1. Kwantung army

1. Army located in Manchuria, instigated Manchurian incident
2. Very elite, spread throughout rest of army, guardian of japanese culture
3. Ishiwara kanji

1. Twenty-one demands

1. Japan to china, demands that japan made china agree to
2. China couldn’t give away any more land to other countries other  than japan
3. During WWI, take opportunity to take control
4. Japan took china as colony pretty much

1. Racial equality clause

1. Japan's proposal to include racial equality
2. Felt western powers didn’t treat japan as equal power 
3. Brutality suppressed korea league of nations
4. All in the 

1. Washington Treaty System

1. Five power treaty- French, British, US, Italy
2. 9 power treaty- recognized china as sovereign nation
3. No nations wouldn’t have any quarrels
4. Biased towards us and GB

Taisho democracy

1. After Meiji era
2. 1912 on- liberal change, 1895 male suffrage
3. Political party gained more power** 1895-1931

1. Japanese employment system

1. Medium and large size
2. Seniority within a business
3.  developed in 1920's
4. Keep workers loyalty to company

1. Shidehara diplomacy
   1. 1920's- very important, after 1931 Japan took over Manchuria
   2. Washington security system
   3. Worked with western powers
      1. It was in Japan's interest

1. Manchurian incident
   1. Japanese blew up southern Manchuria railway in Man. blamed Chinese
   2. Kwantung army did in Sept. 1931
   3. Turning point in Japanese history
      1. Militarists gaining more power
   1. Kwantung army did it in own hands
   2. Civilians didn’t want it at first
   3. Militarists eventually took over gov't
   4. More influence in Japanese politics
   5. Became a militarists

Manchukuo

1. New gov't set up by japanese gov't set up in manchuria
2. Only recognized by japan

1. Ishiwara kanji
   1. Kwantung army official
   2. Responsible for Manchurian incident
   3. Said china would weaken japan against Russia
   4. Very important
   5. War can maintain war
      1. Argued that when a place in china could just use natural supplies
      2. Total war

1. Kita ikki
   1. Japanese author
   2. Complained about taisho democracy
   3. Against overpopulation in japan
   4. Right-wing movement leader
   5. Very pop

1. National defense
   1. Domestic reform and overseas expansion
   2. first step toward japanese militarism

1. Basic theory of national defense
   1. GDP spend 5 years on factories
   2. Next 5 navy and army
   3. In book

1.  
   1. Military officers had seats in Diet
   2. Turning point
   3. Uprising against military
   4. Failed b/c emperor was in charge of gov't

1. The Marco Polo bridge Incident
   1. July 1937
   2. Marked beginning of war
   3. Japan wanted to attack china before it could unify

1. The rape of Nanking
   1. Japanese army went through nanking
   2. Raped entire city
   3. Was capital
   4. 300,000 killed
   5. 120,000 women raped
   6. Wanted to intimidate Chinese gov't to surrender

1. Konoe Fumimaro
   1. Statesman started work in 1937
   2. Favored centralized gov't control by emperor
   3. New order in east asia
      1. Controlling east asia
   1. Tried as a war criminal
   2. Japan's prime minister during marco polo incident

1. The Konoe memorial (Feb. 14th, 1945)
   1. Said japan should surrender to western power so It didn’t lose social fabric

1. Imperial rule assistance association
   1. Sought to get rid of party system
   2. Organize nation wide party to support total war
   3. Not fascist because didn’t have on leader like Germany

1. The greater East Asia Co-Prosperity sphere
   1. Created under guise that Japan was freeing Vietnam, Burma, Philippines
   2. Japanese just wanted supply line
   3. Created by military
   4. 1941
   5. 4 spheres of power
   6. Germany-europe
   7. Us in americas
   8. Japan in asia
   9. Russia- around russia

1. Japanization
   1. Made korea japanese
      1. Japanese name
      2. Schooling
   1. 1940's

1. The independence of supreme command
   1. Concept by japanese nationalist that emperor was the supreme ruler
   2. Argued the constitution made emperor supreme commander and civilian not
   3. Argued minister of military had nothing to do with prime minister
   4. No checks and balances
   5. Could assert power within system

1. Yamamoto Isoroku
   1. Responsible for Pearl Harbor
   2. Against trying to go to war with US
   3. Feared US economy during wartime
   4. Technologies of US
   5. Died b/c his message was interpreted and he was shot down

1. The battle at midway
   1. Between US and Japan
   2. US ambushed Japanese
   3. Turning point
   4. Lost offensive power
   5. June 5th, 1942

1. The Potsdam declaration
   1. Allied power demands for japanese surrender
   2. Japan would be military occupied by allied powered
   3. Reform in gov't
   4. Reconfirmed demands of  Carol declaration

1. Hiroshima
   1. First site of atomic bomb
   2. Japan was given warning
   3. Given a few more days before second bomb was dropped
   4. Language used that weapon would be used to completely destroyed
   5. 70,000 instantly died

Hirohito

1. Hirohito (Showa emperor)
   1. 1926-1999
   2. Imperialist emperor
   3. Reconstruction
   4. Surrendered title of sovereign god when surrendered
   5. Emperor ran japan for great time

1. SCAP
   1. Supreme commander of allied power McAuthor
   2. Term used to described the HC of us
   3. Rewrote constitution
   4. Democratic fundamentals

1. Yoshida Shigeru (the yoshida doctrine)
   1. Prime minister 1946
   2. Keep japan with stable relations with US
   3. Has to remain close with us
   4. Focus on japan economic growth
   5. p.m. peace treaty of 1953

1. Article 9 of the constitution of 1947 (no-war clause)
   1. Clause that stated japan couldn’t have any type of military
   2. Hasn’t been amended even today

1. Kishi Nobusuke
   1. Class A 1936War criminal
   2. Never tried
   3. 1939 released
   4. 1957-1960 served as P.M.

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

1. The liberal democratic party (LDP)
   1. Ruling party 1955-1993
   2. Resume in 1996-now
   3. Conservative, pro business
   4. pres increased to three years from two years
   5. party pres. prime minister

1. "Reverse course"
   1. Changed SCAP liberal to more in favor of us interest
   2. Refers to change in American occupation
   3. 1947, escalated in 1948
   4. Us wanted to make japan useful in cold war
   5. Us said they had to rearm japan

1. US-Japan mutual security system
   1. Way around article 9
   2. Us could have military bases on japanese soil

1. MITI
   1. Minister of international trade institution
   2. Helped japanese gain rapid economic power
   3. the mission for coordinating international trade policy with other groups, such as the Bank of Japan, the Economic Planning Agency, and the various commerce-related cabinet ministries. At the

1. Industrial policy
   1. Jap. Gov't helped corp. to focus on industry
   2. Pot. Huge market in world
   3. Banking, military

1. Income doubling plan
   1. 1960
   2. LDP gov't
   3. Promised double national income
   4. Double individual income in 10 years
   5. Achieved in 1966-7

1. The 1955 system
   1. Refers to functioning multi party system
   2. Dominated by one large party

1. Re-asianization
   1. Japanese believed has shifted to asia
   2. Feel that they have worked so had to westernize
   3. Forgot roots in asia

1. International state
   1. 1980's feel economically integrated in world economics
   2. Encouraged ppl to travel abroad
   3. Encouraged contact with others and spread japanese cult.

1. Bubble economy
   1. Late 1980's economy increased greatly
   2. Japan became very rich in paper

1. New breed (shinjinrui)
   1. New generation in japan
   2. More influenced by international youth cult.
   3. Individual and liberal