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| Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Fought against the Safavids |
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| Shah of the Safavid Empire, Launched a campaign against the Ottomans |
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leader of the Mughal Empire in India, under his reign Muslim and Hindu religious relations were at a peak, he endorsed many religions and religious tolerance
Poster child for religious tolerance
Mughal Empire |
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head of the jihad state in Niger. Rejects elitism of Muslim scholars
Rejects pantheistic worship
1804-08 ‘Jihad’ against those who refuse to purify their Islam
Establishes Sokoto Caliphate: anti racism and tribalism
Makes Islam a widely practiced religion amongst the Hausa and Fulani |
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jihad state established in Niger.
The name for the new Empire
Movement of revival and reform
Makes Islam widely practiced religion amongst the Hausa and Fulani
Usman don Folio |
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| performing religious actions for social benefit |
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| following other humans blindly (ie without asking for proof from Quran and Sunna) |
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| belief in the unicity of God |
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Ottoman/Safavid war—Sunni/Shiite split set in relief
Jannisaries were the professional army of the Ottoman Empire-- Sufis
Originally a band of raiders, the Ottomans became ‘Caesars’ and masters of an Islamicate world empire; caliphs, ghazis, Caesar
Also called “Family of Osman”
Reached territorial peak of power with Sulayman the Magnificent |
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Afghanistan and Indian subcontinent
“The Indian Timurids”
Ruled by Akbar the Great
Ruled by Muslim overlords
Religion: Muslim & Hindu blending
“Universal reconciliation”
Sufis had huge influence over Mughals—most influential of the political Sufis was Shah Wali Allah who wanted to strip Sufism of its “foreign” influences (Neoplatonism, Persian mysticism, Hindu Vedantism) to restore Sunni orthodoxy |
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Safavid tariqa (path) originally Sunni founded by Shaykh Safi al-Din
At some point becomes militaristic and extremist Shiite culminating with Shah Ismail
Conversion of Iran to 12er Shiism
Pinnacle with Shah Abbas |
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| Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al- Wahhab |
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Wahhabi movement
Followers of Wahhabism call themselves “Salafists” |
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