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Cave paintings were the birth of what? |
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For what purpose were cave paintings created? |
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Definition
utilitarian and ritualistic |
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What purposes may the cave paintings have had? |
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Definition
1 magical rites to gain power over animals and success in hunting
2 teaching children hunting instruction |
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elementary pictures or sketches to represent the things dipicted-such are animals painted on cave painting walls |
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symbols to represent ideas or concepts |
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carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rock |
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The leap from village culture to high civilization occured after what people arrived? |
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Sumerian people arrived in Mesopatamia at what time? |
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Definition
near the end of the 4th millenium |
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Teh sumerians invented a system of Gods. Who headed it? |
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What was the most important sumerian contribution to civilization? |
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The sumerians, being a temple based economy, had a great need for what? |
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A theory of the initial purpose behind sumerian writing is labeling what? |
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When and where do Sumerians settle and develop writing? |
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When did the sumerians begin to write in horizantal rows,left to right, top to bottom? |
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When is the sharp point stylus replaced? |
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What is the sharp stylus replaced with? |
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What did the pictograph language evolve into? |
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What do pictographs represent? |
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Definition
animate and inanimate objects |
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What do picto-graphs evolve into> |
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What do ideographs represent? |
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What do the ideographs turn into? |
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Definition
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What do picture symbols represent? |
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Definition
Sounds of words not easily depicted |
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What is the highest development of cuneiform? |
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Definition
using abstract signs to represent syllables |
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What is the highest development of cuneiform? |
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Definition
using abstract signs to represent syllables |
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Who simplified cuneiform? |
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What did the invention of writing cause? |
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Definition
1 a knowledge explosion 2 libraries to be formed 3 history recorded 4 literature recorded |
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What laws were developed to establish social order? |
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How is the trade mark invented? |
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Definition
Through the use of mesopotamaian cylinder seal |
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What was the mesopotamaian cylinder seal? |
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Definition
a cylindrical stone with images etched into their surfaces, rolled across damp clay and left impression |
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When did the Meso civilization reach its Zenith? |
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Definition
the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar (562 BC) |
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In 562BC what city state became the richest? |
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Who did Babylon fall to in 538 BC? |
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Wehre is the gift of visuable languge passed after the fall of Babylon? |
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Definition
to the Phonecians and the Egyptians |
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The Egyptian pictoral system? |
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Definition
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How did the phonecians replace the complexity of cuneiform? |
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Definition
with simple phonetic sounds |
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hieroglyph is greek for what? |
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When is the earliest known date of hieroglyphs? |
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Definition
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When was the last known hieroglyph inscription? |
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Definition
394AD after Egypt became a Roman colony |
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Definition
A key fixture, bracket like symbol containing sounds or phonograms of important names |
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Term
What did Napolean's troops find in 1799 and how? |
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Definition
they found the rosetta stone while they were digging a foundation for an addition to a fortification in the egyptian town of Rossetta |
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Term
What is the rosetta stone? |
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Definition
black stone written in two languages and three scripts 1 Egyptian Hieroglyphics 2 Egyptian Demotic script 3 Greek |
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Term
What did Dr. Thomas Young in 1819 point out? |
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Definition
The direction in which the animals face is the direction in which the text should be read? |
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Term
In 1822 what contribution did Jean-Francois Champollion make? |
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Definition
compared a photo of an obelisk with the rosetta stone and found 1 Glyphs often function as phonemic sounds 2 Sounded out other glyphs until he had a dozen hieroglyphic translations |
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What did Campollions books enable other to do? |
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Definition
enabled other Egyptologists to unlock the mysteries of Egyptian History and Culture |
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Term
By the time of the new kingdom how many hieroglyphs were being used? |
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Definition
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Of the 700 hieroglyphs during the new kingdom how many were phonograms and how many were pictographs? |
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Definition
600 phongrams 100 pictographs |
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Term
How was the first form of paper developed and what was it called? |
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Definition
Papyrus make form the stem of a cyperus papyrus plant |
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Where did the Cyperus papyrus plant grow? |
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Definition
Along the Nile in shallow marshes and pools |
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Term
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Definition
1 Rind peeled away 2 Cut into strips 3 Laid side by side 4 Second layer laid perpindicular 5 Soaked in Nile 6 Pressed 7 Dried in the sun 8 Smoothed with ivory stone 7 Hammered |
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What acted as a adhesive in the papyrus paper? |
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How many different grades of papyrus were made? |
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Definition
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How tall were the tallest sheets? |
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Definition
49 cm. 20 sheets pasted together into a scroll |
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Term
What is the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
1st person narrative by the deceased that is placed in their tomb |
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Term
Who would be commision to write a book of the Dead? |
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Definition
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What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered |
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Term
What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered |
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Term
What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered |
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What would royal family members comission to have done? |
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Definition
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What did the Egyptians and Sumerians use to mark their property? |
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What were used as identification seals? |
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Definition
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Definition
oval stones of glazed steatite carved into the likeness of a scarab beetle, with the underside inscribed with a hieroglyphic inscription to be used as a stamp |
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Is Chinese caligraphy and alphabet? |
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Definition
no, it is purely visual art |
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Term
How did paper become invented? |
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Definition
- Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it - Started as strips of wood that were too heavy -peices of silk, to expensive. -Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags - Beaten to pulp - Strained - Pressed - Dried |
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How did paper become invented? |
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Definition
- Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it - Started as strips of wood that were too heavy -peices of silk, to expensive. -Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags - Beaten to pulp - Strained - Pressed - Dried |
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How did paper become invented? |
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Definition
- Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it - Started as strips of wood that were too heavy -peices of silk, to expensive. -Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags - Beaten to pulp - Strained - Pressed - Dried |
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Term
What is the oldest surviving manuscript? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the two theories of the origin of printing? |
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Definition
1 Chap Theory- engraved seals, impressions in soft clay, inked, printed.
2 Stone Rubbing- China, insriptions made in stone and then did ink rubbings |
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Term
Where was movable type invented? |
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Definition
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When was movable type invented? |
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Definition
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How was movable type created? |
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Definition
Pi Shang 1.Independant characters cut from clay and 2 heated over straw to make hard 3 Wax coating put on iron form 4 Type characters set into it 5 Full form fired |
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Term
What is the phaistos Disk? |
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Definition
-made in 2000BC, -terra cotta disk about 6.5 inches in diameter, - 241 signs - Created by minoan culture |
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Term
Describe the Minoan culture? |
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Definition
- on island of Crete - used pic. symbols as early as 2800BC |
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Term
Why did the Greeks use the word byblos for papyrus? |
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Definition
Their papyrus came through the port of Byblos. The English word bible came from here |
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Term
How was the Greek alphabet developed? |
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Definition
-1000bc-700bc - Had Phonecian alphabet, unclear how - Change 5 consonants to vowels - To versions to begin - Ionic version became standard |
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Term
How was the Greek alphabet developed? |
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Definition
-1000bc-700bc - Had Phonecian alphabet, unclear how - Change 5 consonants to vowels - To versions to begin - Ionic version became standard |
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Term
Describe the appearance of the Greek alphabet? |
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Definition
altered teh phoenicial characters into art forms, use horizontal, vertical, and curved diagonal strokes. |
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Term
Why were Roman manuscripts called illuminated? |
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Definition
They were embellished with gold or silver which reflected the light |
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Definition
writing room in a monastary |
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Definition
well-scholar who understood Greek and Latin, Functioned as editor and art director |
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Definition
illustrator or artist respondsible for the execution of ornament and image in visual support of the text |
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Definition
insription in book or manuscript, contains facts about production, scribe, designer, oralater and printer |
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Term
Why did the monastatic leaders want elaborate ornamentation on religious texts? |
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Definition
help further understanding, creating mystical and spiritual overtones |
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Term
What event led to the tragic loss of much of ancient literature? |
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Definition
The great Greek library was destroyed by fire. |
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Term
How and where was the present day comic book prefigured? |
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Definition
scrolls that survived the Greek fire, showed small simple illustrations were inserted into the text |
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Term
What is the oldest manuscript from the late antique and early Christian era? |
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Definition
Watican Virgil 2-3 great poems of Vergilios Marco Georgies and Aenid |
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Term
What was the Caroline graphic renewal? |
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Definition
Writing and illustrations had become sloppy Charlemagne demanded reform Sribes got together standardized Went out and taught it |
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Term
What contributions did Spain make to book production> |
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Definition
Ilustrations that are richly colored geometric designs and intricate patterns |
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Term
What happened on New Year's Eve AD 999 |
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Definition
People all over waited for the final judgment, believing it was the end of the world |
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