Term
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Definition
11/11/18, 11th hour
Becomes important
Renamed in other countries |
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Term
| WWI implications for Women |
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Definition
Many worked on the front
Many worked in factories and the land back home
-Lives were transformed
-Expected to go back home
--Expectation for everything to go back to pre-war
Woman got the vote
Post-Victorian Age
Many quick marriages, pregnancies |
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Term
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Definition
1914-1918
Seen as a moral battle
Most moral country would win |
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Definition
1916
Major casualties
Moral Falling/ Changing Attitudes
Propaganda increases
Churches act as recruitment |
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Term
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Definition
Act as recruitment machines
Some bishops act as if it is a holy war
Modern crusades
Orthodox blessed icons and brought them to the front
Churches bought lots of war bonds
--Got laity to buy them as well
Very few clergy oppose the war
Clergy involvement:
army chaplains, boosting morale, take services, providing supplies |
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Term
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Definition
Very popular priest
Gave out cigarettes
Most famous of all the priests |
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Term
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Definition
Majority of soldiers had some sort of religious affiliation
Sense of emergency religionand make shiftness
Religious experiences increase:
-Visions
-Fatalistic view with death
Revival of military saints
-Joan of Arc |
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Term
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Definition
Initial rising in church going
Followed by disillusionment as the churches did not know how to cope with massive grief
While also supporting the war and the bloodshed |
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Definition
Very popular Anglican preacher
Wasn't allowed in many churches |
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Definition
Seen in the first battle
Published as a protecting force for to English troops
many similar events reported
Many published in the papers and in sermons showing God cares about the war |
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Term
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Definition
All people from a certain church, factory
Group all signed up at the same time and serve together |
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Definition
1919 Treaty of Versaille
Huge burden on Germany
Nationalism vs Internationalism
- League of Nations (US did not join)
Czars collapse in Russia
US becomes strong economic power
-Europe is impoverished |
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Term
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Definition
Later half of 19th century
Age of Empire (Britain)
Gilded Age (USA) |
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Term
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Definition
Coin term by Mark Twain in 1873 novel
Marks the late 19th century industrial revolution in America
-Rise in wealthy industrialists
-on basis of cheap labor
-Huge numbers of poorly paid workers
-Slum Urban living
-large numbers of immigrant workers |
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Term
| The Social Gospel Movement |
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Definition
Protestant church movement in late 19 and early 20 century
-Applied Christian ethics to social problems (poverty, workers rights, child labor, huge number of poorly paid workers, racial tensions, threat of war)
-saw sin as structural or social as much as individual |
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Term
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Definition
Colonization
India-Cotton
Africa-Diamonds
Attempts to display it
-Great Exhibition
Crystal Palace |
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Term
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Definition
Christian Movement founded by William and Catherine Booth in 1865
-Bring active faith to urban poor
-Address social problems created by the working class living conditions
-Got the name in 1878 |
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Term
| Five Responses to Disparities of Wealth in The Gilded Age |
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Definition
1. Justification through Darwinian theory, along with Protestant work ethic and predestination
2. Preach the gospel of wealth, a sin to be poor
3. Development of Philanthropy among the rich, Rockfeller, Baptist donated to work in the slums
4. Christian Socialism (england)
The Social Gospel Movement
Priests worked in slums
5. Salvation Army, tackled social problems assoc. with the slums drinking and gambling |
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Term
Heterodoxy
Common Features |
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Definition
1. America as the promised land, New Jerusalem, especially among millenarian groups
2. Protestantism could endless proliferation of belief and practices, individualistic culture in America
3. Some were sects, tight religious communities
4. Often re-thought ideas of gender of God, thus gender roles for the members
5. Some were utopian and communal: creating kingdom of god on earth (Millenarium) |
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Term
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Definition
1820 Joseph Smith had a vision
1830 Publication of The Book of Mormon
Revelation sanctioning polygamy
1844 Joseph Smith killed ny a mob in Illinois, Brigham Young became the new leader and moved Mormons to Salt Lake
1890 Mormons abandoned polygamy for statehood
1896 Theocracy gave way to the State of Utah |
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Term
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Definition
Millennial, Hierarchical, Marriage important for salvation, Polygamy, Gender hierarchy, Distinctly American
-went from sect to large conservative and powerful church |
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Definition
| Husband can have multiple wives |
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Term
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Definition
| Second coming of Christ, which will herald his reign on earth |
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Term
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Definition
Voluntary society of people bound to one another by mutual religious belief/ practice
-Usually seperated from the world |
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Term
| Society for Psychical Research |
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Definition
set up to investigate scientifically the possibility of life after death and other paranormal activity
(American SPR as well) |
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Term
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Definition
Not a church but a diffuse movement
-Woman regarded as best mediums
-- Fox sisters in upstate New York
Attractive to those disillusioned with mainstream churches and intensely bereaved
Fuses with science in attempts to prove life after death and the exsistance of a soul |
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Term
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Definition
"Beyond the Mountains"
-Advocated centralization of power in the papacy
Boosting of spiritual power happened simultaneously with loss of spiritual power, loss of Papal States to Italy as a nation state |
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Term
| Immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary |
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Definition
1854
The conception of the Virgin Mary without any stain of original sin
She was filled with divine grace from conception and lived her life without sin. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1869-1870 Sought to define Roman Catholic Church's doctrine in response to new intellectual challenges |
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Term
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Definition
1. Papal infallibility
2. De Fide Catholica
-"On the Catholic Faith"
-reaffirming of doctrines
-nothing will be done in a new way |
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Term
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Definition
Passed at Vatican I
When the pope speaks from the throne of the pope, that is when exercising the office of pastor and teacher to all Christians through divine assistance promised by Peter he divines doctrines concerning faith and morals to be held by the universal church then under those circumstances he possessed by infallibility 1870 |
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Term
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Definition
French pilgrimage site based on the apparition of "the Immaculate Conception" (Mary)
-Example of revival of Marian piety |
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Term
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Definition
| Italian troops seized Rome the last remaining Papal State |
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Term
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Definition
Had 130,000 members
-exempt from taxes
Criticisms:
-Wealth
-Uneven Distribution
-Role as Ruling Elite |
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Term
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Definition
Church is at a point of conflict
-18th century philosophy come to foreition
-What will come of religion?
Roman Catholic Church
-Major part of the "ancient regime" |
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Term
| Position of the church in Pre-Revolutionary France |
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Definition
Closely related to the monarch
-Divine right
-Louis XIV revoked Protestant rights
-Church Owns a lot of Land
-Monopoly on education
-very wealthy
-Preception/ reality of privledged clergy |
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Term
| Philosophy of Pre-Revolutionary France |
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Definition
Voltaire
-Lazy and useless monks and nuns
-Suffering is from ignorance not original sin
-Nothing should be beyond rational thought including religion |
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Term
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Definition
The dividing line in political history in Europe
-Downfall of the ancient regime
-of which the church has been a big part of
-What would be the place of the church in modern Europe |
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Term
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Definition
Louis XIV convened the States-General because of a financial crisis. Not met since 1614
July- Storming of the Bastille
Clergy begin to lose power
-Church lands are taken
-Nuns/Monks released from vows
--constant harassment
--many stay
Pope is still going with this |
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Term
| Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
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Definition
Rearrangement of diocese to reflect the states
-Making clergies part of the government
-Making clergy state salaried
-elected
-Religious freedom granted
--Catholics loose monopoly
-Done with the hope to unify France
-Approved by the King (catholic) |
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Term
| affects of Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
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Definition
Did not work
-Pope condemns it
-No one asked the clergy
-Clergy must take an oath of loyalty to the State
Loyalty to the Pope of the State???
Creates two separate churches
Non-Jurors
-did not take the oath
Constitutional Clergy
-did take the oath
-state paid |
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