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History of Biology
Development of a Science
41
Biology
Undergraduate 2
07/02/2007

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Term
Janssen
Definition
1590 - principle of a microscope
Term
Hooke
Definition
1665 - cell biology
Term
Leeuwenhoek
Definition
1680 - dutch merchant...described "animalcules"
Term
Redi
Definition
1680 - Attacked the concept abiogenesis (spontanious generation) (macro)
Term
Needham
Definition
1750 - set back the concept of "omne vivum ex vivo" (all life comes from life)
Term
Spallanzani
Definition
1776 - Hermetically sealed flasks excluded oxygen ("vital force")
Term
Schulze
Definition
1836 - use of acids and bases
Term
Schwann
Definition
1837 - use of heat
Term
Pasteur
Definition
1850-1875 - Disproved abiogenesis (micro), proved microorganisms as causative agents in putrefaction (spoilage) and fermentation
Term
Koch
Definition
1850-1875 - Established isolation techniques, proved the nature of a specific organism for specific disease (Henle's postulates), proved germ theory
Term
Winogradsky
Definition
1875-1915 - GAC soil
Term
Soxhlet
Definition
1875-1915 - GAC dairy
Term
Burrill
Definition
1875-1915 - GAC plant
Term
Iwanoski
Definition
1875-1915 - GAC virology
Term
Fleming (Chain & Florey)
Definition
1928 (1945) - Discovered Penicillin
Term
Griffth
Definition
1928 - Transformation
Term
Domagk
Definition
1932 - sulfa drugs
Term
Stanley
Definition
1936 - crystallized a virus
Term
Molucular Biology
Definition
1938
Term
Beadle & Tatum
Definition
1942 - "One gene, One enzyme"
Term
Hillier (RCA)
Definition
1943 - Practical Application of electron microscopy
Term
Avery
Definition
1944 - Molecular genetics, DNA = heredity
Term
Lederberg
Definition
1946 - Bacterial Gentics
Term
Enders
Definition
1950 - growth of viruses
Term
Salk
Definition
1955 - Polio Vaccine
Term
Watson & Crick (compare to Einstien)
Definition
1955 - Double helix (DNA structure)
Term
Porter
Definition
1960 - Immuno-chemistry, elucidation of antibody molecules
Term
Niremberg
Definition
1968 - systhesized a polypeptide
Term
Khorana
Definition
1970 - synthesized a gene
Term
1970
Definition
functional aspects of a recombinant gene, isolation of restriction endonucleases
Term
Berg
Definition
1972 - Recombinant DNA
Term
Baltimore
Definition
1975 - Identification of reverse transcriptase
Term
Sanger
Definition
1976 - rapid sequencing of bases in synthetic DNA production
Term
Gilbert
Definition
1977 - synthesis of useful non-bacterial protiens (insulin &interferon) by bacteria
Term
1980
Definition
AIDS
Term
Eli Lily Co.
Definition
1983 - Marketing of human insulin based on recombinant DNA, biotechnology market
Term
Tonegawa
Definition
1987 - Genetic principle of antibody diversity
Term
Bishop & Varmus
Definition
1989 - Genetic basis of cancer
Term
Anderson & Blaese (NIH)
Definition
1990 - first approved gene theropy experiment
Term
1997-1999
Definition
Attack of the Clones
Term
21st century
Definition
Human genome project results, genomics, proteomics
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