Term
13th Amendment
abolishment |
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Definition
-abolished slavery.
-congress will have power to enforce it by "appropriate legislation."
-gave birth to Freedmen's Bureau.
-it had a great responce among Congressmen and among republicans. |
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Term
14th Amendment
5 guidelines |
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Definition
-alternative for Johnson's rec. plan.
-compromise between radical & conservative republicans.
-1. made all freedman citizens; made sure they had rights; stopped anyone from killing someone w/o due cause.
-2. disregarded Confederate debt; garaunteed war debt of U.S.
-3. stopped Confederate leaders from holding state & fed. office.
-4. dealt w/ representation; held compromises that produced it.
-5. Congress has power to enforce it. |
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Term
15th Amendment
anti-descrimination |
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Definition
-put into law because radicals wanted democratic principles in Constitution.
-blocked states from denying people to vote "on account of race, color, or previouse condition of servitude."
-it didn't garuantee rigth to vote, just it so states couldn't discriminate againts people voting.
-left states free to restrict suffrage in other ways -> N. states could keep on denying suffrage to women & certain groups of men. |
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Term
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Definition
-President from 1865-1869.
-considered to be "old Jacksonian Democrat".
-didn't want to expand fed. power.
-excepted emancipation; didn't favor black civil rights & political rights.
-Johnsons reconstruction plan:
-formed new state govt. throughout S. by granting pardons.
-beleived black equality couldn't be imposed on S. by fed. govt.
-radicals didn't like him.
-made all white southerners had to swear oath as a means of gaining pardons. (except ex-fed. offi., powerful Conf. officers, & pol. leaders.)
-eventually gave into granting everyone pardons because they kissed-up to him.
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Term
Carpetbaggers
land-owners |
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Definition
- a greedy crook planning get all stolen tax revenues & use it for personal use (according to Conservatives.)
-Immigrants from N., who held large shares of Republican offices, were called this.
-sometimes ostracized by white southerners. |
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Term
Charles Sumner
anti-south |
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Definition
-Radical Republican leader.
-beleived that the south had organized to go to war with the Union as would a foreign nation & since they seceded, they shouldn't be considered as part of the U.S. So, they should be treated as "conquered foreighn lands" & be returned to the status of "unorganized territory".
-wanted to democratize the S., create public education, & ensure rights of freed ppl.
-wanted black suffrage, willing to exclude S. from Union to achieve goals.
-wanted activist fed. govt.
-didn't work with conservative or moderate Rep. |
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Term
Freedman's Bureau
black sympathy |
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Definition
-created as result of 13th Amendment.
-was responsible for social upliftment.
-supplied food, built schools & colleges, negotaited employment contracts between freedmen & their former owners, managed confiscated land.
-some members were devoted to freedmen's rights, others were oppurtunists(exposed chaos of postwar S.). |
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Term
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Definition
-secret veterans' club.
-began in Tennessee in 1866.
-terrorist org.
-Klansmen wanted to undo recon. & and keep the freedmen undermined.
-harassed, whipped, beat, and commited murders.
-main purpose -> political.
-mostly made active Republicans object of attacks.
-specific social & political goals directed it. |
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Term
Radical Republicans
South Reform |
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Definition
-Leaders were Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, & George Julian.
-wanted to reshape S.
-wanted to democratize S., create public schools, & enforce blacks rigths.
-wanted black suffrage, supported land confiscation & redistribution, & were willing to not include S. in Union in order to acheive goals.
-conservative & moderate rep. worked w/ Radicals. |
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Term
Scalawags
Republican Cooperation |
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Definition
-any native white southerner who cooperated w/ rebulicans.
-most were yeomen farmers, men from mountain areas & non-slaveholding areas who were uneasily impatient under Confed. |
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Term
Ten-Percent Plan
recon. plan |
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Definition
-a reconstruction plan introduced by Lincoln.
-replace majority rule with "loyal rule" as a means of reconstructing S.
-Lincoln watned to pardon all
ex-Confeds except those who had the highest ranking military positions.
-as soon as 10% of coters in 1860 election had taken an oath & established govt. it would be recognized.
-"Loyal" assemblies created in Lousianna, Tennessee, & Arkansas. |
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Term
Tenure of Office Act
cabinet change |
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Definition
-gave Senate power to approve changes in president's cabinet.
-made sure that presidents couldn't choose who would be in their cabinet.
-was put into a place as a means of opposing potential "congressional tyrrany".
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Term
Thaddeus Stevens
anti-south |
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Definition
-Radical Republican leader.
-beleived that the south had organized to go to war with the Union as would a foreign nation & since they seceded, they shouldn't be considered as part of the U.S. So, they should be treated as "conquered foreighn lands" & be returned to the status of "unorganized territory".
-wanted to democratize the S., create public education, & ensure rights of freed ppl.
-wanted black suffrage, willing to exclude S. from Union to achieve goals.
-wanted activist fed. govt.
-didn't work with conservative or moderate Rep. |
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Term
Ulysses S. Grant
President |
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Definition
-Elected president in 1868.
-supported congressional recon.
-supported black suffrage in South.
-mostly blacks voted for Grant.
-acted as an administrator for recon. but not an active player.
-sometimes sent soldiers to stop violence or enforce acts by Congress. |
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Term
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Definition
-sponsers: Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio & Congressman Henry W. Davis of Maryland.
-came from Congress w/ 3 goals for southern readmission:
1. demanded "majority" of white male citizens to participate in creation of new govt.
2. men had to take "iron-clad" oath (saying they never helped the Confederacy in war effort) to bot or be delegate to constitution.
3. all officers above rank of lieutenant, & all officials in confed., would be deprived of their citizenship and be referred to as a non-citizen of the U.S.
-Lincoln vetoed the bill. |
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