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| car maker, adopted assembly line → mass production of Model T |
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| economy based on purchase of goods, mass production (assembly line), after WWI, hygiene, time savers, electronics, make lives easier, disposable income/leisure time, advertising industry |
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| federal government bought surplus from farmers until prices went up, and then sell it overseas, passed by congress twice but vetoed by Coolidge, contributed to G.D. |
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| last Wilson’s point, preserve peace by pledging to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence. |
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| Wilson- Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan, first five=eliminate causes of war, next eight= national self determination, last one=league of nations, |
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| ended WWI, written mostly by European allies, Germany not invited to peace treaty, Wilsons 14 points not taken seriously, self determination, created new nations, league of nations, designed to punish Germany for war: return Rheinland, no standing army, disarmament. US does not sign treaty because of LoN. Wilson goes on tour to get support for LoN, has heart attack. |
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| New morality of the 1920s |
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| Looking for independence and individuality, postponed settling down, women go to college, living alone in the city, cars more popular –easier to get away, prolonged having a family. |
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| time of leisure, art, poetry, music, in Harlem NY, African-American cultural center in Northeast |
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| “national association for advancement of colored people”, founded by WEB DuBois, end discrimination/lynching (getting hanged) |
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| reform period before WWI, early 1900s, urban reform, better conditions, not led by specific groups or people |
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| The rise of socialism after WWI |
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| socialist movement before WWI, after war = negative, leader Eugene B Debs, protesting against the war, associated with working class unions because union workers were immigrants and unions were socialist idea |
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| fear of communism and foreigners bringing it to America, mail bombs to prominent people, palmer raids, violated civil rights. |
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| African Americans leaving low paying low skilled jobs and discrimination in the south for a better life in the north, WWI to after WWII, one cause of red scare |
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| hostility towards immigrants |
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| Resurgence of the KKK after WWI |
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| 1920s, southern/eastern Europe immigration leads to joining of the KKK, against anyone not anglo-saxon, gain political power in state and local |
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| vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office. |
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| group of citizens introduces legislation for a vote |
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| letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature, only on state level |
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| special vote removes elected officials from their job |
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| late 1800s, wrote a book “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” about modernizing navy with turning wood ships to steel and more bases, congress passed upgrade for navy-steel ships=carnegie/us steel |
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| Span-am war; signed by Spain and the US, stated that Cuba was an independent nation, Puerto Rico and Guam were part of the United States and so was Philippines, after paying Spain $20 million. |
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| Annexation of the Philippines |
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| pro-annex: economic and military benefit, another naval base and market for American goods, helped less civilized Filipinos. Anti-annex: anti-imperialist league. |
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| against annexing Philippines because it was hypocritical to fight for their freedom and then take it away, it went against democratic principles, caused Filipino revolt for freedom |
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| foreign affairs in Latin America under T. Roosevelt, says US can intervene in Latin America when economy or politics become unstable. |
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| income tax=legal, passed during WWI to raise money for the war from the wealthy, expanded to all americans in wwII |
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| direct election of senators riht out of the progressive movement, senate, and congress were corrupt so people should decide instead of the state |
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| prohibition, bans sale/manufacture of alcohol in the US, temperance movement, alcohol blamed for violence/poverty/etc. beer was german, germany sux |
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| inauguration of the president on January 20th from March, "lame duck" amendment |
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| written into Cuban constitution 1. naval base in Cuba, 2. No treaties with foreign countries, 3. no debt, 4. right to intervene |
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| US businesses should develop in Asia and Latin America |
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| 1899, leaseholds in china, Us late to trade with China, asks Europe to open trade, China loans out land (spheres of influence) to europe, US didn’t get one, wants to make trade with China equal |
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| was a monarchy, US invested in sugar industry, Hawaiian sugar exempt from tariffs → prices go down → sales boom → US doesn’t like it → Sugar investors (DOLE) overthrow queen and ask for annexation from US, Cleveland tried to reinstate queen, McKinley annexed |
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| After Dr. W.H.Wiley documented reports about preservatives and Upton Sinclair published his novel, “The Jungle”, people became worried about what they ate. This act, passed in 1906, prohibited manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs. |
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| Many became vegetarians after reading the books and reports. Roosevelt passed this act on the same day to require federal inspection and standards of cleanliness at meatpacking plants. |
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| investigative journalists in the progressive era who shoed truth about society (city, food) |
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| Teddy Roosevelt and trust busting |
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| early 1900s, monopoly= company controlling industry (illegal), trust= monopoly loophole, teddy Roosevelt took trusts to court with Sherman anti trust act, breaks up into smaller companies, didn’t think all trusts were bad |
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| draft (mandatory military service), not everyone gets chosen, random lottery |
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| decided America's involvement in WWI |
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| FDRs plan for economic recovery after GD, RELIEF for unemployed public, RECOVERY for business and economy, REFORM for long term prevention against another GD, |
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| DID NOT cause GD, stocks are overinflated, decline in amount of investors, October 29, 1929, bought stocks on margin, margin call, people take their money back – bank runs, banks collapse because they invested in stock market with people’s money |
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| injecting money directly into industry opposed to trickle-down |
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| financial benefits given to the wealthy will somehow be passed down to the poor |
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