Sandra Day O'Conner

First Female Justice

Therogood Marshall

First African American Justice

Blacks, Women, Indians

Groups not represented in the Declaration

Pilgrims

Who wrote the Mayflower Compact?

Thomas Paine

Who wrote Common Sense?

Toleration Act of 1649

All religions accepted

Thomas Jefferson

Who wrote the Declaration of Independance?

Those slaves would be free.

What would happen if Africans signed with British Army?

National Debt

Money government owes

Lewis and Clark

Who explored the Louisiana Purchase?

Double Jeopardy

Prevents a defendant from being tried twice for the same crime.

Majority Rule

A doctrine by which the numerical majority of a group has the power to make the decisions.

Petition

A request to an authority

Ann Hutchinson

Banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for her religious views

John Marshall (1801)

4th Chief Justice

Valley Forge

Winter of 1777-George Washington and his army struggled to survive.  This was a turning point in the war because it made the army stronger.

Boston Tea Party

1773.  An act of protest against the British Government for taxation of the colonies.  Crates of tea were dumped into the Boston Harbor.

Magna Carta

English Bill of Rights

The documents Americans used to create their government

John Adams

First Vice President (1796)

Second President (1797)

One of the most influencial leaders.

Squanto

A Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive by showing them how to hunt and grow food. 

To Export Goods

Why did America and Britain want to own the Pacific Ocean?

The Draft

Starting with WWI, it was mandatory that 18 year olds sign up with the government to be called on to fight. (There is no draft now.)

He was trusted, effective leader, commander and chief of Continental Army

Why was George Washington elected first president?

George Rogers Clark

A soldier from Virginia who was the preeminent American military officer on the northwestern frontier during Revolutionary War.

James Madison

4th president of U.S.  One of the most influential contributors to our constitution.

LaFayette

A French military officer who supported the American Revolution.

Civil Court Cases

A disagreement between two or more people or businesses.

 Contract law and Family law

Judicial Branch

The federal court system.  They interpret laws passed by congress, determine how they are applied, and if they follow the constitution.

Loyalists

Embargo Act

A law signed by Jefferson in 1807 to stop all trade between America and other countries.  The goal was to stop Britain and France from restricting trade to America.

Sons of Liberty

A secret organization of businessmen who formed to protest the Stamp Act.

Treaty of Trent

 ?

Minutemen

Teams from the colonial militia who would be ready to fight in "a minute".

Rochambeau

French lietenant general who helped in the revolution, especially at Yorktown.

George Bason

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Federalism

A system of government that allows local and state levels to make some laws and the national government to make other laws.

3/5 Compromise

A compromise between north and south saying that 3/5 of slaves would be counted for the purposes of tax distribution and representative numbers for states.

Great Compromise

Also called Connecticut Compromise.  Small and Large states agreed to how representation and legislative structure would work with constitution.

New Jersey Plan

Proposal for the structure of U.S. government.  Proposed by Patterson.  Also called Small State Plan and Patterson Plan

Executive Branch

Branch of government that makes sure laws are obeyed.  President is head of the executive branch.

Legislative Branch

Branch of gov't that writes the bills. 2 groups - senators (100) and representatives (435).  Together called Congress.  Majority rules.

 Judicial Branch

Branch of gov't in charge of the court system. Three levels - district, appeals, supreme

Popular Sovereignty

The ability for the people of a state to dictate policy because it is the will of the people.  (ex: people dictated whether state was free or slaves in order to join or not join union.

Executive Order

A president or governor's declaration that has the force of law. It does not require congress or state legislature.

Functions of Congress

To write and make laws, 

To oversee the Executive Branch

Marbury VS. Madison

1803, the first time Supreme Court declared a federal law unconstitutional.

Northwest Ordinance

1787 an act of congress that accelerated the westward expansion.

Cash Crop

a crop grown for money, such as tobacco.

Staple Crop

Crops grown for people to eat.

John Rolf

Married Pocahontas.  English settler and one of the first tobacco farmers

Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

Thomas Jefferson wrote law to have separation of church and state.

 # of People in House of Representatives

435 representatives

(also 4 delegates)

Goals of Constitution

PROVIDE AND PROTECT

1. Form a more perfect union    2. Establish justice  3. Provide for common defense  4. Promote general welfare  5. Secure blessings of liberty.