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History Midterm Definitions
Architectural History II midterm definitions
39
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
03/01/2012

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Term
Esquisse
Definition
sketch
Term
Charette
Definition
timed design exercise
Term
Atelier
Definition
studio
Term
Parton
Definition
head of studio
Term
Concours
Definition
annual competition
Term
Grand Prix de Rome
Definition
annual travel prize
Term
Rundbogenstyl
Definition
round arch style
Term
Kern-form
Definition
work form
Term
Kunst form
Definition
art form
Term
Beklidung
Definition
cladding
Term
Petrus Camper
Definition
facial angle
Term
Casbah
Definition
citadel
Term
Medina
Definition
Muslim quarter of French colonies
Term
Nouvelle Ville
Definition
European quarter of French colonies
Term
Camp Militaire
Definition
Military districts of French colonies
Term
Arabisance
Definition
Hybridized Arab and Western architecture
Term
Art Nouveau
Definition
a European architectural movement that historians believe marked a transition from the historical eclecticism of the past.
Term
Jugendstil
Definition
German and Austrian term for Art Nouveau
Term
Modernisme:
Definition
Catalan (Spain) term for Art Nouveau
Term
Stil Floreale
Definition
Italian term for Art Nouveau
Term
Neoclassicism
Definition
Movements drawing inspiration from the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.
Term
Pluralism
Definition
eclecticism
Term
Revivalism
Definition
The use of visual styles that consciously echo the style of a previous architectural movement.
Term
Grossdeutchland
Definition
In the debates over German unification, this option would have created a vast empire consisting of both German and non-German speaking lands controlled by the historic Hapsburg Empire in the South.
Term
Kleinedeutchland
Definition
In the debates over German unification, this option would have limited its boundaries to German-speaking lands controlled by Protestant rulers in Prussia.
Term
Absolutism
Definition
The principle or practice of a political system in which unrestricted power is vested in a monarch, dictator, or other central ruler; despotism
Term
Liberalism
Definition
a political theory founded on the autonomy of the individual and favoring civil and political liberties, governed by law with the consent of the governed, and protection from arbitrary authority.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
A philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason (not sense perceptions) to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions.
Term
Bildung
Definition
An Enlightenment ideal popularized by German writers and reformers that endorsed public standards for promoting moral character and self-improvement. This ideal precipitated a Romantic genre of German literature
that portrayed the psychological and moral growth of its main characters.
Term
Positivism
Definition
The system of Auguste Comte designed to supersede theology and metaphysics depending on a hierarchy of the sciences, beginning with mathematics and culminating in sociology. It is a doctrine contending that sense perceptions are the only admissible basis of human knowledge and precise thought.
Term
Rationalism
Definition
A common belief that the most varied problems posed by the real world could be resolved by reason; contrast to Art Nouveau and Expressionism.
Term
Organicism
Definition
The metaphorical application of concepts originally reserved for living nature to architecture. This approach is based on the conviction that art should imitate natural forms in some way, at times basing the design process on abstract models of natural creation.
Term
Syncretism
Definition
The process by which one synthesizes oppositional material practices in many forms of vernacular art. This approach is a methodology of problem solving that permits the preservation of cultural identity amidst great social pressures.
Term
Orientalism
Definition
According to Edward Said, this style of thought is base upon a stereotypical separation of Eastern as Western cultures. Modern scholars used this orientation as starting points for elaborate theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political events concerning the Orient and its people.
Term
Transcendentalism
Definition
An American School of writers, critics, and poets that elevated individualism and spiritual enlightenment in their theories. This movement was on outgrowth of English Romanticism and German Idealist philosophy, and it exerted a tremendous amount of influence on the American architects Louis H. Sullivan and Henri Hobson Richardson.
Term
Symbolist Art
Definition
a late nineteenth-century art movement of French, Russian, and Belgian origin.
Term
Hudson River School
Definition
An American School of landscape painters who romanticized the natural character of unsettled American territories between 1820 and 1840. This group considered the Western half of the Continental United States to represent the essential aspects of American character and development.
Term
Chicago School
Definition
A school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century; among the first to promote steel-frame construction in commercial buildings.
Term
City Beautiful Movement
Definition
a reform philosophy concerning North American
architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890’s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities.
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