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History Finals
terms and people
73
History
10th Grade
05/18/2009

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Term
Capitalism
Definition
The people own the businesses, the government backs off, it benefits for a person's own good (laissez faire)
Term
Socialism
Definition
The people own the businesses, the government evenly distributes the money, no classes, benefits for all
Term
Communism
Definition
(form of complete Socialism) Owned by the people, benefits for the people, no classes, the government controls at first, but people start doing it automatically on their own
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
wrote the 'Wealth of Nations'. Capitalism supporter
Term
Samuel Slater
Definition
memorized the blueprints of a factory and brought industrialization to the US.
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
co-author of the 'Communist Manifesto'
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
created the cotton gin
Term
Robert Fulton
Definition
"known" to make the first steam boat
Term
Samuel Comptom
Definition
created the spinning mule
Term
Henry Bessemer
Definition
developed a method to remove impurities from steel so it was stronger
Term
Joseph Lister
Definition
used antiseptics to reduce infections
Term
James Watt
Definition
built steam engines
Term
enclosure
Definition
fenced fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was originally worked by village farmers
Term
Factors of Production
Definition
the resources needed to make goods and services
Term
Urbanization
Definition
movement of people (farmers) to cities
Term
Middle Class
Definition
social class made up of skilled workers, pros, business people, wealthy farmers
Term
Laissez Faire
Definition
hands off (government), Capitalism
Term
The Railroad (advantages)
Definition
Go from city to city and work faster, traveling is easier and predictable, more business variety
Term
Imperialism
Definition
stronger country invading a weaker county. wants more land/resources, show superiority, workers
Term
Imperialism (positive)
Definition
industrialized, better advancements, more efficiency, better sanitation, better education, more stable economy
Term
Imperialism (negative)
Definition
tradition damaged, families separated, unknown identity, hardships of factories
Term
Boer War
Definition
Boer vs. British. The British wanted the Africans' land
Term
Emilio Eguinaldo
Definition
Fought for the independence of the Philippine Islands
Term
Sepoy Mutiny
Definition
Indian soldiers heard that the cartidges of their rifles were sealed with beef and pork fat
Term
Menelik II
Definition
Leader who managed to maintain independence of Ethiopia
Term
Malaria
Definition
disease that hampered European efforts to colonize Africa
Term
Rom Mohum Roy
Definition
"Father of Modern India"
Term
Belgium
Definition
country whose land is in the Congo region of Africa
Term
Opium War
Definition
clash between British and Chinese that resulted in the humiliating defeat of China and the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing
Term
Extraterritorial rights
Definition
foreigners were not allowed Chinese laws
Term
Spheres of influence
Definition
Britain, France, Germany, USA, and China dominated trade and investments
Term
Taiping Rebellion
Definition
largest armed protest in China in 1800s; 14 years & 20 million deaths
Term
Boers
Definition
Dutch farmers
Term
Reasons to imperialism Africa
Definition
Explore, convert, resources, humanitarians
Term
Nationalism
Definition
pride in your country, deep devotion
Term
Panslovism
Definition
all slovic people should unite
Term
Militarism
Definition
best army/navy means you're the best, glorification of all things military
Term
Gavrilo Princip
Definition
Killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. member of the black hand
Term
Triple Alliance (before WWI)
Definition
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Term
Triple Entente (before WWI)
Definition
Russia, France, Great Britain
Term
Schlieffen Plan
Definition
Go west to France and quickly to battle Russia
Term
Date of World War One
Definition
July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918 (at 11:00am)
Term
Legacy of the War
Definition
8.5 million deaths, 21 million injured, $ 338 billion
Term
Big Four (after WWI)
Definition
USA - Woodrow Wilson
France - Clemencean
Great Britain - David Lloyd George
Italy - Viltorio Orlando
Term
Treaty of Versalies
Definition
(treaty of vengeance) Germany had to admit "war guilt", pay reparations (33 bill), lost land, less military, lost navy
Term
Allies
Definition
Russia, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Serbia, Japan, Italy, USA
Term
Central Powers
Definition
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Term
Alex II
Definition
czar emancipator
set up zemstvos (elected assemblies for local issues)
reform minded
ended serfdom in 1861
Term
Alex III
Definition
rejected reforms and Alex II
Tactics: executed, jailed, exiles, censorship, secret police, russification, pogroms
Term
Nicholas II
Definition
last romanov empire in 300 years
Russo-japan war, industrial age
rail road system (5,000mi)
Term
March Revolution -1917
Definition
woman workers riot on the streets for down with autocracy, at first soldiers shot them, but then joined crowd
Term
November Revolution -1917
Definition
Bolsheviks (lenin) wanted socialism, Duma, vs White squad (Trotsky). Red took over government, created communist
Term
Civil War - 1921 (in Russia)
Definition
3 years, 14 million deaths (red won)
Term
Treaty of Brest- Litovsk - 1918
Definition
removed Russia from WWI
Term
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Definition
governments took over major banks, but people can still own private businesses
Term
Five-Year-Plan
Definition
sets impossibly high goals to increase cash crops
Term
Great Purge
Definition
eliminated anyone who threatened his power (8-13 million deaths)
Term
Command economy
Definition
government makes all economic decisions
Term
collective farms
Definition
governments got over 25 million privately owned farms and combined them into large government owned farms
Term
Pre-War Tensions
Definition
Einsteins theory of relativity
Existentialism
Bankrupt because of WWI
Weimer Republic (Germany tries to be democratic)
Inflantation
Stock Market Crash
The Great Depression
Facism
Term
Aggressors
Definition
Japan, Italy, Germany
Term
Appeasement
Definition
give in to aggressor to keep the peace
Term
Isolation
Definition
remained 'isolated' in political events
Term
Blitkrieg
Definition
'lightening war' involves fast moving planes, tanks, infantry forces
Term
Maginot Line
Definition
long line between France, Belgium, and Germany
Term
Dunkirk
Definition
French port city near Belgium border
Term
Battle of Britain
Definition
Winston Churchill declared they will not give in, so Germany attacks them
Term
Operation Barbarossa
Definition
invade the Soviet Union
Term
Neutralitacts
Definition
laws made it illegal to sell arms/lend money in war
Term
Lend-Lease Act (1941)
Definition
president could lease/lend arms/supplies to countries important to US
Term
Atlantic Charter
Definition
upheld free trade among nations & people had a right to choose their government
Term
Pearl Harbor
Definition
'day in infamy' US decoded a message from Japan & declared war on Japan (dec 14, 1941)
Term
Nuremberg Trials
Definition
Nazi leaders were charged with waging war of aggression. Accused against humanity
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