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| Many traveling ministers and speakers, camp meetings were the major feature of this awakening. Meetings would take place in areas where their weren't a lot of churches, people of the area would set up a large area for it to take place many times in the woods, 100+ tents set up for the people staying. |
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| Famous evangelist during the second great awakening |
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| Believed Christ was soon to come again, John Miller was one of the big ones and he projected that Christ would come in 1843, then once it passed he claimed it would happen in 1845. |
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| Ann Lee came over from England in the 1820s and started a religion, they would take part in ecstatic religious dances, believed that Christ had two genders so they divided everything they did into male and female, this whole society was celibate, no one profited from the goods grown, they gave it all to help the group, they grew tremendously, after Ann Lee died people believed that she herself had been the second coming and the female version but she never claimed this |
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| Another community but not based on religion, 1825, played off the deep hate for the European class system and capitalism, John Owen was leader and very much against young children working in factories, tried to set up system where group would manufacture together rather than for individual gain, had problems after a couple years cuz when people wanted to leave they couldn't get any money out |
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| John Humphrey Noyes was leader, 1848, religious based on being perfect, and that humans could not sin so went off the idea of free love, complex marriage - can be married to multiple people, and also tried to pair up people with who they would make best children with, lasted for a couple years, had a factory where they made china and silverware |
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| Victor Considerant, 1855, took a group of french socialists to Texas and tried to grow crops from France, very unsuccessful |
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| Many people in New England, universalists, argued that reason should be the mark of religion, Ralph Waldo Emerson, faith through the individual rather than group, open to other religions such as Buddhism, Brook Farm was their utopian experiment, Nathaniel Hawthorn was a member of this community, fell apart quickly because so many individualists and there was a fire that ended them |
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| Leader of transcendentalism, focus on the individual, opposed Mexican-American War |
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| Transcendentalist, wrote Walden, opposed Mexican-American War |
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| Translated the book of Mormon, had multiple wives, moved to Illinois but his many wives upset the people around them who attacked their town and killed Smith at Naboo, those left migrated to Utah |
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| Joseph Smith's successor who led the Mormon's to Utah after Smith's death, colonized Salt Lake City, Utah |
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| Movement with huge effect and dropped the amount of consumption down by more than half |
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| Movement to end slavery had adds and other things everywhere |
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| Wanted slavery ended right now, main group was Antislavery Society,David Walker, Garrison, Weld, Frederick Douglass, support and bring about Kansas-Nebraska Act (put popular sovereignty in place) |
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| Main group was American Colonization Society, move Blacks to Liberia, Jackson, Clay |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| Most well known Gradualist organization, wanted to send all the free slaves back to Africa or some western colony outside the United States, Liberia was founded based on this from free slaves who went back to Africa, many didn't like this idea especially those who had grown up in the US, this was not something most Africans wanted to do |
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| Immediatist, militant abolitionism, argued also against racism, wrote The Appeal which said use force if needed |
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| Immediatist, was denied admission to a seminary so the students left and went to Oberlin College where both blacks and whites were accepted |
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| Immediatist, organized new antislavery society that was more extreme than the colonization society, worked with Frederick Douglass, publish newspaper The Liberator, burns Constitution |
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| Famous Black abolitionist along with Frederick Douglass |
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| Immediatist group, founded by William Lloyd Garrison, also led by Frederick Douglass,promoted the greater good for slaves, was not met with welcome arms |
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| Rule passed by House of Representatives postponing all slavery discussion, opposed by John Quincy Adams |
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| Women met in New York City and discussed their role in the abolition movement |
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| Declaration of Sentiments written at this women's rights convention, made a list of grievances, did not have that much of an effect but did gain support from the abolitionist movement, some of the new states being formed in the West allowed women more rights, overall effect was still minimal and were subject of ridicule |
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| Pushed the idea that everyone should be educated and people should be well rounded in experiencing many subjects |
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| Teacher in support of women's education |
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| Active female abolitionist, wrote an article in the Liberator, some of her writings were publicly burned in her home state of South Carolina, became the first woman in the United States to address a legislative body |
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| One of the main overland migration routes on the North American continent |
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