Term
|
Definition
| early 1500's. supported by pope leo X. grants absolvion of temporal punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| King of France. (5 September 1638–1 September 1715). Absolute Monarch. Killed by French Subjects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1480 – April 27 1521). His crew circled the earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bloodiest battle of WWI. British troops were massacred by the french river Somme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1842 and 1856 to 1860 respectively. Britain tried to force China to accept Opium. China lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French Parliament near the french revolution. contained three parts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1789 by James Madison. represented rights of the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (June 28, 1491 – January 28, 1547). Had six wives. shitty at popping male ones out. Founded the Anglican church. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Franco-Prussian War was a war between France and Prussia. The war started when France announced declaration of this war on 19th July 1870. It ended on 10th May 1871. Prussia won this war.
After this war, France had to give to Prussia some regions under its control. These regions were Alsace and the German language speaking Lorraine. After this war, Prussia took steps to unite many independent German countries around it into one Germany, the German Empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These events changed the shape of Japan’s political and social system. These changes took place mainly during three years - from 1866 to 1869.The restoration was a direct response to the opening of Japan by the arrival of the Black Ships of Commodore Matthew Perry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| born in 1672 died in 1725) was a czar of Russia. He ruled from 1689 until 1725. He also built the city of St. Petersburg which became the capital of Russia in 1711. He changed Russia's backward society, by modernizing it and stylizing it after Russia's European counterparts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Karl Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher and political thinker who wrote about money (economics) and power (politics). Marx thought that in an economy run on wage-labor, there would always be class struggle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adam Smith (1723 - July 17, 1790) was a Scottish economist, who is regarded as the Father of Modern Economics. His book, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, was very important. People call the book just the Wealth of Nations. It said some of the ideas on which modern economics is based. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Congress of Berlin (June 13 - July 13, 1878) was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize the countries of the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors, from the major powers in Europe that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from November 1, 1814, to June 8, 1815.
Its purpose was to settle issues and redraw the continent's political map after the defeat of Napoleonic France the previous spring, which would also reflect the change in status by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire eight years before. The discussions continued despite the ex-Emperor Napoleon I's return from exile and resumption of power in France in March 1815, and the Congress's Final Act was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Charles I of England (19 November 1600 - 30 January 1649) was the King of England and Scotland, of the House of Stuart, from 27 March 1625. He was a son of James I of England.
Dissolved Parliament due to lack of support. Caused a Civil war and was beheaded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fortress in France where political prisoners were held during the french revolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British Act during WWI. Meant to strengthen Britain Economically and militarily. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Council of Trent was an important[1] council of the Catholic Church, its 19th Ecumenical Council. It was convened three times between December 13, 1545 and December 4, 1563 in the city of Trent (modern Trento, Trentino) as a response to the Protestant Reformation.[1] It clearly specified current Catholic doctrines on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon, answering all Protestant disputes.[1] The council standardized the Mass throughout the church, largely by abolishing local variations. They commissioned a revised Breviary (finished 1568) and Missal (1570).[2] The revised, standardized liturgy became known as the "Tridentine Mass", from the city's Latin name Tridentum. The council also commissioned the first Catholic catechism (the Roman Catechism, 1566) and a revision of the Vulgate (concluded 1592).[2] |
|
|
Term
| Maximilien de Robespierre |
|
Definition
Maximilien François Marie Odenthalius Isidore de Robespierre [1] (IPA: [maksimiljɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa maʁi odenthalɛiz izidɔʁ də ʁɔbəspjɛʁ]; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known leaders of the French Revolution. Most people know him as Maximilien de Robespierre. He studied in Paris and became a lawyer. His supporters called him "The Incorruptible". He was an important member of the Committee of Public Safety. He was a leader in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror that ended with his arrest and execution in 1794.
Politically, Robespierre was a disciple of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, among others. He was very well able to say what the left-wing bourgeoisie thought. He was described as physically unimposing and immaculate in attire and personal manners. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Schlieffen Plan was the German General Staff's overall strategic plan for victory both on the Western Front against France and against Russia in the east, taking advantage of expected differences in the three countries' speed in preparing for war. It was executed to near victory in the first month of World War I; however, a French counterattack on the outskirts of Paris, the Battle of the Marne (combined with surprisingly speedy Russian offensives), ended the German offensive and resulted in years of trench warfare. The plan has been the subject of debate among historians and military scholars ever since. The Schlieffen Plan was created by Alfred Graf von Schlieffen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of the United Kingdom. According to its preamble, the act was designed to "take effectual Measures for correcting diverse Abuses that have long prevailed in the Choice of Members to serve in the Commons House of Parliament."
Meant to stop Gerrymandering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty to make peace between the five nations France, Germany, Britain, Austria and the United States after World War I. The treaty was made in 1919 without the participation of the German government which had only the choice between signing it or face the occupation of Germany by Allied troops. This was known as a Diktat. The French made the Treaty very hard for the Germans in order to make sure that Germany would never again be able to start a new war. So Germany had to reduce her armed forces from 6 million to 100,000 men, and was forced to get rid of its submarines, military aircraft and a lot of their artillery (cannons and tanks). Also Germany had to give back those French territories occupied in the war of 1870/1871 against France,large territories of its own to Poland,for instance, and all her colonies. A heavy economical burden for Germany was to pay back a giant sum for the compensation of the damage done to the Allied countries,mostly France, during World War I (1914-1918) by German troops.This sum was not even fixed. 132 billion goldmarks had to be paid only as a first part of the German debts. - This Treaty can be seen as a one-sided peace diktat for Germany, a treaty which later could be used as a justification for Germany's nationalists and Adolf Hitler to win the support of the Germans to get rid of the "chains of Versailles" which finally led to World War II. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610)
As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before ascending to the throne in 1589. In 1598 he enacted the Edict of Nantes which guaranteed religious liberties to the Protestants and thereby effectively ended the civil war. Once crowned, he changed his faith from Calvinism to Catholicism to better serve the country. One of the most popular French kings, both during and after his reign, Henry showed great care for the welfare of his subjects and displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the time. He was murdered by a fanatical Catholic, François Ravaillac. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
By 1804, France was the dominant military land force in continental Europe but the British Isles stood outside French control and the United Kingdom was an important force in encouraging and financing resistance to France. Napoleon lacked the resources to attempt an invasion.
The Continental System was such an embargo. In November 1806, having recently conquered or allied with every major power on the European continent, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree forbidding his allies and conquests from trading with the British. In 1807 he tightened his grip and, in an effort to destroy the commerce of the United Kingdom, issued the Milan Decree.
failed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| late 1600's. Took over throne from James II. in the glorious revolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Peace of Westphalia refers to the pair of treaties, the Treaty of Osnabrück and the Treaty of Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of 1648 respectively, which ended both the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War. The treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III Habsburg, the other German princes, Spain, France, Sweden and representatives of the Dutch Republic. |
|
|
