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| someone who supports the movement to end slavery |
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| when armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or people into or out of an area |
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| a slave state that bordered states in which slavery was illegal; these states were important to both sides of the Civil War |
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| a reward or cash payment given by a government |
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| a group of department heads who serve as the president's cheif advisers |
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| settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent; most lived on huge cattle ranches |
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| to withdrawl; the Southern States seceded from the United States to form their own government |
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| peacefully refusing to obey laws one considers unjust |
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| the war between the North and South over slavery and other disputes |
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| a machine invented in 1793 that cleaned cotton much faster and far more efficiently than human workers |
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| doctrine of nullification |
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| a right of a state to reject a federal law that it considers unconstitutional |
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| an 1856 Supreme Court case in which a slave, Dred Scott, sued for his freedom because he had been taken to live in territories where slavery was illegal; the Court ruled against Scott |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions in rebellion against the Union |
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| an act that stated that American ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports, and it also closed American ports to British ships |
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| a person who leaves a country |
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| a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building |
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| relations with the governments of other countries |
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| a person who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849 |
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| an 1850 law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves |
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| the act of seizing by force |
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| a person who settles in a new country |
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| sweared in or inducted into office in a formal ceremony |
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| in late 18th-century Britain, factory machines began replacing hand tools and manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work |
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| an increase in the price of goods and services and a dercrease in the value of money |
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| a part that is exactly like another part; first used in guns |
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| the principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpretting the Constitution |
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| philosophy where the government stays out of public affairs |
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| the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
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| the money that the nation owes |
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| a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country |
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| a native-born American who wanted to elimate foreign influence |
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| Each party votes the same within themselves |
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| a government in which the people rule; a system in which the residents vote to decide on an issue |
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| a thing that someone does, that everyone does after, but is not law |
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| a negative opinion that is not based on facts |
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| a meeting designed to reawaken religious faith |
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| a group of people with the same political views |
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| the placing of the interests of one's own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole |
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| theory that said that states had the right to judge when the federal government had passed an unconstitutional law |
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| a campaign started by women to ban the drinking of alchohol |
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| a person of Spanish heritage that considered Texas his or her home |
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| an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1865, banning slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States |
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| a state that has a surplus of something and needs something else trades with another state that has the item that they lack and needs the item that they have an abundance in; they regularly trade, so everyone has everything they need |
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| the tragic journey of the Cherokee people from their homeland to Indian Territory between 1838 and 1839; thousands of Cherokee died |
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| a person that believes in the 19th century philosphy that taught the spiritual world is more important than the physical world and that people can find truth within themselves throgh feeling and intuition |
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| a series of escape routes used by slaves escaping the South |
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| an ideal community; people received food and other necessities for work; Shakers lasted the longest, but wouldn;t marry or have children-they died out |
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| the president's decision not to pass a law |
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| someone whose loyalty was held in America |
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