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-60 BC joined forces with Crassus (wealthy Roman) and Pompey (a popular general) who helped him get elected on theelected consul. -Strong leader and genius at military stategy -Conquered Gaul and made him popular with the people but enemy of Pompey -Became dictator of Rome, and in 44 BC named dictator for life -Governed as an absolute ruler but started a number of reforms , created jobs and started colonies -Killed on March 14, 44 BC |
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| Queen Cleopatra's love inerest whowas accused by Octavian to be plotting to rule Rome from Egypt which started another civil war. Later, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide. |
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| "Holy Wisdom" in Greek. Most splendid church in the Christian World, rebuilt by Justinian |
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| Vladimir's son led Kiev to glory once more. Skillyfully married off his daughters and sisters to kings and princes of Western Europe which created strong trading alliances. He also mae a legal code tailored to Kiev's commercial culture. Built the first library in Kiev. Built 400 churches. |
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| 43 year reig. Took the name of czar and vowed to make Russia the "Third Rome". Made a final break with the Mongols and refused to pay his rulers further tribute. Turks had risen to power after Mongols were defeated. |
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| Last strong Seljuk leader. Took pride in Persian artists and architects. Beautified city of Isfahan by building splendid mosques.After his death, there was no Shah to replace him. Death lead to defeat of Seljuks. |
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| Advised Russian princes to cooperate with the Mongols |
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| Huns came, attacked Rome, no emperor, Rome taken over by the Byzantines and Turks. |
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| Middle Ages: roles of men & women |
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| Men were chivalrous, knights in shining armor, kings, craftsman, merchants. Women sat at home and were dainty and pretty and learned to embroider and make babies. |
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| The "Rebirth" an explosion of artists and more amazing culture literature and pure stuff. |
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-Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church.
- The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church
-Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as th supreme powerre in Europe
-Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority.
-European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth
-Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes tothe Church.
-Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt.
-Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable. |
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Council of Catholic bishops and cardinals who agreed on several doctrines:
-The Church's interpretation of the Bible was final. Any Christian who substituted hsi or her own interpretation was a heretic.
-Christians needed faith and good works for salvation. They were not saved by faith alone as Luther agreed.
-The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.
-Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. But the false selling of indulgences was banned. |
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| We came in and saved the day. AS ALWAYS. There was the Zimmerman note with Mexico which made us uber mad and then there wa how much we hated unrestricted submarine warfare and stuff. Ew. And how there was the Lusitania. That made us steamed. Like the dumplings. |
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Main Points:
-League of Nations: international peace organization; enemy and neutral nations initally excluded
-Germany and Russia excluded
Territorial Losses:
-Germany returns Alsace-Lorraine to France; French border extended to west bank of Rhine River
-Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific
Military Restrictions:
-Limits set on the size of the German army
-Germany prohibited from importing or manufacturing weapons or war material
-Germany forbidden to build or buy submarine or have an air force
War Guilt:
-Sole respnsibility for the war placed on Germany's shoulders
-Germany forced to pay the Allies $33 billion in reparations over 30 years |
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| If you don't know what this is... |
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| Hitler's moves on Britain, blitzkreig,bombing of Britain a lot...you did a project on this |
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| Had a rough but good public relationship. Didn't always agree with each other but worked things out. |
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| battle with Japan that Japan surrendered in |
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527 high ranking Byzantine noblemean succeeded to throne of Eastern Empire in an effort to regain Rome's faiding glroy sent Belisarius to recover North Africa from Germanic tribes.
-Seized Rome but faced repeated attacks by other Germanic tribes, but soon Justinian won it all and called himself the new Caesar
-Created Justinian code which contained 5,000 Roman lawas that were still considered useful to the Byzantine empire
-The Digest quoted and summarized the opiniaons of Rome's gretest legal thinkers about the lwas. The Institutes told law students how to use the laws and the Novellae persented legislation passed after 534. |
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| It's Istanbul not Constantinople now...Busy city run by Justinian |
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| recruited by Julius Casesar were very powerful and stuff. |
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between 264-146 BCRome vs. Carthage. Three of them. Second Punic war ruled by Hannibal
-Rome triumphed which gave it advantages over the Westerd Mediterranean |
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| Way to get water place to place, irrigation, pretty cool stone structures |
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| one of the three who joined Caser and Crassus, became one of the political enemies with Caesar |
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| Humanism in the Renaissance |
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| Intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. Tried to understnd ancient Greeks values, influenced by art, history, and philosophy |
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| Devoted to your Lord, Your Lady, and G-d |
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| Printing press/China/Gutenberg |
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-Chinese invented block printing
-Improved it, started making a Bible, improved by Gutenberg |
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| had lots of wives, arguments with Churchs, not a very nice man, got lots of women beheaded |
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| religious settlement between Protestants and Catholics |
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| named after General Alfraed Graf von Schleiffen was plan for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia..the key was to be fast |
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| treaty signed between Germany and France that ended the war, Armistice Day |
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| Hitler & His Final Solution |
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| Again, this is something you know. Kill all the Jews was his final solution. Put them into death camps. Yep. |
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| Oppenheimer invented it, rumors of atomic bombs other places, dropped in on Hiroshima and Nagusaki |
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| McArthur wanted to seize islands close to Japan, tried to seize Guadalacanal's airfields. |
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-Hitler faced war on two fronts
-German tanks broke through the Ardennes which caught Allise off guard, but they still fought back
-Caused Germany to surrender |
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| began on August 23, 1942 when Luftwaffe went on nightly bombing raids that sent city to rubble. Still, Stalin commanded commanders to fight back, Soviets won in the end since Germans could not take the cold |
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| Written law code made by the plebians. Group of ten officials wrote down Rome's laws on twelved tablets for all to see. |
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| The Huns always wanted the Roman's land. Eventually they too over when Rome was weakened. |
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| The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture which included fine arts and literature |
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| strong willed army leader who became eperor of Rome in 284 AD. Divided Rome into different parts and shared the rule with others. |
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| "exalted one" leader during Pax Romana or "Roman Peace". Stabilized frontier, glorified Rome with splendid public buildings, set up civil service and did many other great things like a postal system and stuff. |
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| Rested on set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs. Lord provided serf's with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits. In return, serfs tended the lord's land, cared for his animals, and performed otehr tasks to maintain the estate. Peasant women shared the farm work with their husband. |
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| Did everything, well rounded, worldly, cool as can be. |
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| King-Church Official/Noble-Knights-Peasants |
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| Started Lutheranism...belief in the bible and not selling your way to heaven |
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| Started Calvinism...begun in Switzerland..formalized protestant ideas. All about predestination...that salvation is chosen for you since birth. |
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| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
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| They were bombed and stuff. So you can only impagine |
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| Drawn up by Truman, outlined a plan for achieving everlasting peace, included an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, reduced national armies and navies, and adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people. Suggestions for changing borders and creating new countries, and a general association of nations which would protect all states. |
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| Camps that kept Japanese Americans away from the rest of America because they were seen as threats to the US. small homes, work, etc. |
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