Term
a. St. Basil founded it on the ideals that a simple, unblemished, frugal life devoted to hard work and lived in common with others would give you an entrance into heaven.
b. Europe
c. 360 |
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Definition
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Term
a. Irish monk
b. 4th century
c. Ireland
d. Wrote _____ rules (these told monks how to live) |
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Definition
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Term
Lived in Egypt
356
Attracted followers because of his asceticism and living in the desert.
Very solitary, and only got together to pray
Started asceticism in Egypt and surrounding areas |
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Definition
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Term
b. 390- 461
c. Born in Britain
d. Captured by raiders, went to Ireland
e. Went to Gaul to study about monastic that had been influenced by asceticism.
f. Became a bishop and preached in Ireland; converting many of them to Christianity and spreading asceticism. |
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Definition
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Term
a. Italy
b. 410
c. Arguably the most important man in Christian history because he created the story of the penguin and the city of God (you do not need to know the details)
d. Explained that the city of God is our life after death, and our short life in the city of man is here to prepare for the eternity in the city of God |
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Definition
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Term
a. Irish Monk who converted many Scottish people.
b. 521- 597
c. Revived Monasticism after the Fall of the Roman Empire.
d. Notice he was around much later than Antony or Patrick. |
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Definition
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Term
a. 527-565 (when he ruled)
b. Reorganized the Byzantine state
c. Codified the Roman Law
d. Did not achieve all that he set out to do
e. Enriched Byzatinium with new buildings (Hagia Sofia) |
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Definition
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Term
a. Justinian’s wife
b. Low-born actress and prostitute
c. Intelligent, proud, courageous woman
d. Virtually co-ruler of the Byzantine empire with her husband
e. Eventually did have to rule a short time
f. Probably 6th century |
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Definition
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Term
a. Justinian’s greatest monument
b. Vast-domed structure designed by Greek architects to further experimentation with domed structures
c. Justinian ruled from 527-565 so the church was built in the 6th century
d. Byzantine State |
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Definition
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Term
a. _____ wanted to codify and simplify the majority of the materials in the Roman law. This codification soon became the standards of the Byzantine Empire. This later became the foundation for the legal system in the West and in Europe
b. 527-565 |
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Definition
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Term
a. came from one of lesser merchant families of Mecca who was a political organizer and military negotiator
b. created the Muslim religion, took refuge in the rival city of Medina (gradually converted the people there and became their leader). Then conquered Mecca in the year 630 and launched the first attacks against the Byzantine border in 629 but most importantly was the cause of the Muslim faith
c. in middle life he experienced a series of revelations that he accepted as direct communication communications from God and that were subsequently set down in the holy book of the Muslim faith his teachings formed that last of the three great world religions that have grown out of Old Testament monotheism
d. 570-632
e. Muslim world (Mecca/Medina) |
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Definition
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Term
a. It is described in the Koran as holy war.
b. This is the only form of war that the Koran allows.
c. This can also be regarded, as a struggle within one’s self or a battle within your soul.
d. It doesn’t always have to be violent.
e. Since the creation of the Koran (570-present)
f. Arabian Peninsula |
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Definition
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Term
a. Muslims
b. where the Muslim religion and culture mainly went on and the ones who believe in the Koran and have one God only who is Allah
c. 600’s etc.
d. Western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
a. major city in Arabia
b. trading city became an important center of the pagan cult and was conquered by Muhammad in the year 630
c. became of city under Muhammad’s rule since all people in Mecca turned to the Muslim faith
d. Arabia |
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Definition
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Term
a. 632
b. It means deputy or successor. The first one after Muhammad was Abu Bakar. This title was given to those that took over as ruler. They helped keep the nation intact. |
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Definition
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Term
a. His rein was somewhat of a neutral rule since the Islam religion hadn’t divided at this point.
b. He was the successor of Muhammad and was the first caliph.
c. 632-634 |
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Definition
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Term
a. In middle life Muhammad experienced a series of revelations that he accepted as direct communication from God and that were subsequently set down in the holy book of the Muslim faith and form the core of the Islamic religion
b. People wanted to form a holy book of Muhammad’s holy experiences
c. 633 A.D. was written and in 653 A.D. was standardized |
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Definition
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Term
a. Uthman was the first Caliph from the Umayyad family. Him taking over as Caliph led to him being assassinated by the religious Islam sect called the Shi’ites. The Shi’ites refused to accept his rule. After Uthman passed away Ali took over in command. The followers of Umayyad refused to accept Ali and this is where the whole Islam was divided into two.
b. 644-655
c. Arabian Peninsula |
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Definition
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Term
a. Frankish King who got crowned by Leo III. He was a murderer because of the German in him but the Christian in him made him support the church.
b. He temporarily stopped the decline in Western Civilization by making his castle a school for scholars.
c. 800 |
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Definition
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Term
a. King of southern Anglo Saxon kingdom
b. Started English monarchy
c. Monarchy was best during his rule, improved law structure and military structure
d. 871- 899
e. England |
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Definition
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Term
a. church
b. tried to curb the violence by the peace and truce of God which protected certain vulnerable persons (clergy, nuns, and poor folk generally). Forbade any violence at certain sacred times of the year, especially around Christmas and Easter.
c. protect the ones who did not have a high enough status in the society
d. around the beginning of 1000 A.D. |
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Definition
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Term
a. Relationship between a lord and his vassal
b. When somebody gives land to another, they are the lord and the recipient is the vassal
c. It was about trying to create stability
d. Western Europe
e. 1000-1300 |
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Definition
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Term
a. You cannot kill people without armor on
b. Be honorable more respect to woman
c. Western Europe
d. Applies to Knights
e. 1000-1300 |
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Definition
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Term
a. Peasants
b. Western Europe
c. 1000-1300
d. In field is close to house for peasants personal gardens
e. Out field is divided into strips with active and fallow soil |
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Definition
| In-and-Out Field Cultivation |
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Term
a. Lived in manor
b. Farmed and fed nobles
c. In a few ways similar to slavery
d. Western Europe
e. 1000-1300 |
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Definition
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Term
a. fief is held from a lord and the holder of a fief was bound to his lord by an act of homage and an oath of loyalty
b. typically an estate of land
c. the lord held land in return for a specified service, usually military service
d. 1000-1300 A.D.
e. Western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
a. a knight that received a piece of land from their lord
b. in return they had to do services for him, like be in the military and fight for him or farm and give that lord half of their crops
c. They exercised their rights of jurisdiction over the lands that he held as a fief: he held a court, imposed punishments, and collected fines
d. 1000-1300 A.D.
e. Western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
a. rural workers of medieval Europe or small-scale rural cultivators, living mainly by subsistence agriculture and formed by far the greatest part of the population
b. their labor produces a surplus that is used to support a ruling class
c. people lived directly from the their work
d. 1000-1300 A.D.
e. Western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
a. 1000-1300
b. This is the system where the lords use the serfs or tenants to supply various goods for their necessary living.
c. This occurred in England |
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Definition
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Term
a. Son of King Swein of Denmark
b. Invaded England
d. Divided England between him and Edmund Ironside
e. Edmund died and he became king of England
f. Was a very good ruler, helped church and protected England.
g. 1016-1035 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Emperor Henry the IV was in one of the biggest historical disputes, the Lay Investiture Crisis. Henry was focused on rebuilding the royal power during a time that was about reform. Pope Gregory the VII disputed and fought with him throughout his lifetime, which was between 1056-1109. King Henry was excommunicated one during this struggle but pleaded to be forgiven for his sins. He later called the Pope an usurper and sieged Rome (and later captured it). This fight was between who would gain the power, secular or spiritual. King Henry’s actions prevented the Pope and other religious powers from controlling the society we live in today. |
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Term
a. English and Normans
b. Normans conquered England at the battle of Hastings
c. William of Normandy vs. King Harold
e. England
f. Harold was killed |
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Definition
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Term
a. Was successor of Canute and son of “Ironside”
b. Many people wanted the crown after his death such as Harold of Wessex and others
c. After his death he Harold was king.
d. This sparked controversy between Duke William and him.
e. William with the Pope’s blessing turned against Harold with his Norman friends.
1066. |
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Definition
| Death of Edward the Confessor |
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Term
a. Duke William attacked King Harold at the battle of Hastings in 1066.
b. William killed Harold and his army lost.
c. Now Duke William was in charge of England. |
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Definition
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Term
a. 1027
b. He fights the battle of Hastings at England with King Harold and comes out victorious. He fought on the Norman side and soon takes over as King of England. He gains the trust of his people and strengthens the power of the English Monarchy. |
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Definition
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Term
a. Rome 11th century (an important date to remember is 1073: the day he became pope)
b. Fought gavernment (including Henry VI) for church power
c. Passionate reformer; believed that he was God’s chosen instrument to purify the church
d. Believed that reform could not occur if royal power still had control over the church |
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Definition
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Term
a. Emperor of Germany
b. 11th century
c. Fought for emperial government power over Pope Gregory VII
d. Unsuccessful in gaining government control
e. He was ex-communicated with the church, and kissed the pope’s feet to regain forgiveness |
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Definition
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Term
a. A book set down by King William that recorded the resources of all of the counties.
b. 1086
c. Incredibly organized and a “mine” of information for historians.
d. Helped him tax people |
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Definition
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Term
a. 1088- 1099
b. Reformer, tried to keep going with Gregory VII’s ideas.
c. Successor of Gregory
d. Started 1st Crusade
e. Preached it as a Holy War to get Christendom back from Turks. |
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Definition
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Term
a. launched because of the appeal for help from Byzantinium by pope Urban II who turned this “small” call for help into a massive crusade.
b. 1095- 1099
c. Pope Urban II, Knights, Michael VII, knights
d. Established Christian reign in Jerusalem.
e. In Jerusalem, Constantinople |
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Definition
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Term
a. very loyal and effective servant of French Monarchy (Louis VI~1108-1137)
b. built up expanded staff of competent clerks and provided an efficient administration than had ever existed before
c. needed to make the staff larger for the French Monarchy
d. France |
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Definition
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Term
a. knights
b. combats that became the chief, and then only, part of the tournament, which became great social affairs
c. where knights fought for glory and the praise of ladies
d. 1000-1300
e. France |
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Definition
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Term
a. Lord owned the entire manor.
b. Located in Western Europe or a fief.
c. 1000-1300
d. A Village during the Medieval times |
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Definition
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Term
a. Son of William the Conqueror
b. He took the divine command to populate the earth and was successful at it.
c. Stood up to Rebels, invaded Normandy, established royal judges, developed an effective financial administration, pipe role, established royal justices
d. 1100-1135 |
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Definition
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Term
a. knights
b. in the law of England under the feudal system, allowed a knight to "buy out" of the military service due to the Crown from the holder of a knight's fee.
c. so knights wouldn’t have to go through military service
d. 1100-1154
e. England |
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Definition
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Term
a. knights, woman, church
b. woman were treated with greater consideration, the status of woman was higher than in the 11th century and the central principle was that a knight could most effectively win honor by dedicating himself to the service of a lady (normally some else’s wife) whom he served with faithful adoration
c. church decided that woman should have more respect and men should show more gentleness toward them
d. 1000-1300
e. France |
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Definition
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Term
a. 1145-1149
b. Iberia, Egypt, Near East (Anatolia, Levant, Palestine)
c. Launched in response to the fall of the County of Edessa
d. Ultimately led to fall of Jerusalem and the 3rd crusade
e. Great victory for muslims |
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Definition
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Term
a. He was determined to make the most of his rights as feudal suzerain of the English barons. Increased the value of the military service owed him by his vassals. Attempted to reassert the royal power of the church.
b. 1154-1189
c. England and France
d. Started scutage and marriage fee |
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Definition
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Term
a. Instituted by Henry II
b. They set up new laws in court such as appeal and grand jury.
c. 1154
d. England |
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Definition
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Term
a. 1154-1189
b. This was a method for the royal crown to gain money. Judges would travel across the lands and people would pay them to try their cases. If it were a good case the criminal would have to pay but if it were a faulty case the “victim” would have to pay. This took place in England |
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Definition
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Term
a. He was an archbishop who denounced Henry II and the Constitution of Claredon therefore he got murdered by 4 knights who took it wrongly
b. 1162-1170
c. He showed us that Henry II wasn’t the most responsible ruler |
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Definition
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Term
a. Sultan of Egypt
b. Master of Egypt and Syria
c. Was very successful
d. Made truce with Richard.
e. Was in the third crusade
f. Hated by lots of Christian
g. 1173-1193 |
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Definition
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Term
a. France
b. He was in control of Maine, Anjou, Normandy, and Aquatine
c. He quadrupled the revenue of the French
d. He took of England by manipulating John I
e. 1180-1223 |
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Definition
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Term
a. Nicknamed the Lionheart
b. Successor of Henry II during Crusades
c. Went on the Third Crusade with Philip Augustus II
d. Made a truce with Saladin
e. 1189-1199
f. Located in England Jerusalem, and Ascalon
g. Quarreling with Phillip Augustus II |
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Definition
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Term
a. Frederick I, Phillip Augustus II, Richard I.
b. Launched by pope Innocent III
c. To retake holy land back from Saladin
d. 1189-1192
e. Nobody directly attacked Jerusalem, Richard and Saladin made a truce. |
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Definition
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Term
a. 1453- end
b. Conquered by Turks
c. Capital: Constantinople
d. Produced able rulers who defended Constantinople for the next thousand years
e. Strong army |
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Definition
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Term
a. God for Muslims
b. an omniscient being of infinite power and inexorable will
c. for them to worship an all powerful God
d. Western world where Muslim religion takes part |
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Definition
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Term
| a. Byzantines center of trading was in Constantinople. They had a multitude of profitable goods such as grain and silk where they held monopolies. This area helped the economy in Byzantine stay stable and prosper. |
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Definition
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Term
| The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enlisted warriors and had them swear fidelity to him. He would give each one of them fiefs as rewards |
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Definition
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Term
| required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (mainly of his barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. 1215 |
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Definition
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Term
| 1001–April 15, 1053) was one of the most powerful lords in England under the Danish king Canute the Great and his successors. |
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Definition
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Term
| Henry's daughter, widow of Henry V and wife of Geoffrey, count of Anjou, lords of England swore allinace to her but she later attacked england |
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Definition
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Term
| a body of royal officials that render the accounts of the sheriffs, 1100 |
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