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History Exam
n/a
113
History
10th Grade
05/21/2009

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Term
James Watt
Definition
steam engine
Term
Richard Arkwright
Definition
water frame for power looms
Term
James Hargreaves
Definition
spinning jenny
Term
Urbanization
Definition
the process of rural farmers moving to cities for work
Term
Tenement
Definition
where poor people lived in high-rise apartments
Term
Labor Union
Definition
laborers banded together for better conditions
Term
Proletariat
Definition
the name for the poor working class
Term
Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire
Definition
was a strong supporter of the Laissez-faire which allowed business to operate with little or no government interference
Term
Thomas Malthus and population
Definition
outspaces food production
Term
Jeremy Bentham and Utilitarianism
Definition
Jeremy Bentham preached Utilitarianism to society which stood for the motto "the greatest happiest for the greatest number"
Term
Thomas Malthus
Definition
had a pessimistic view on helping society improve
Term
Charles Dickens
Definition
English novelist who writes about the poverty of slum dwellers and factory workers
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
wrote Commnuist Manifesto
Term
Cartel
Definition
corporations banded together to control prices, costs, production, & distribution
Term
Cult of domesticity
Definition
women at home taking care of families
Term
Women’s suffrage
Definition
the right to vote
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
believed in natural selection and evolution
Term
Chancellor
Definition
name of German political leader
Term
Otto von Bismarck
Definition
chancellor when Prussia began the German empire
Term
Kaiser
Definition
the title of emperor of Germany
Term
Reich
Definition
German name for empire
Term
Anarchist
Definition
someone whose supports having NO government
Term
Dual Monarchy
Definition
Austria-Hungary
Term
Pogrom
Definition
a program of attacking Jewish settlements and towns with national troops
Term
Emancipation
Definition
freeing serfs or slaves
Term
Alexander II
Definition
the Tsar who freed the serfs in Russia
Term
Queen Victoria
Definition
queen of England through most of the 19th century
Term
Penal Colony
Definition
colony to which governments sent exiled prisoners
Term
Free trade
Definition
trade that is uncontrolled by government restriction
Term
Coalition
Definition
combining of political parties to form a majority in order to govern
Term
Franco-Prussian War
Definition
1870 war between France and Prussia, won by Prussia and which resulted in the founding of the German Empire
Term
Imperialism
Definition
policy of founding colonies to control resources and trade
Term
Colonies
Definition
foreign regions controlled for the purposes of settlement or exploitation
Term
Genocide
Definition
killing or removing ethnic groups
Term
Nationalism
Definition
popular support for a nation by its inhabitants
Term
Militarism
Definition
building up the military as a national policy
Term
Archduke Ferdinand
Definition
heir to the Austrian throne; his assassination was a cause of World War I
Term
Sarajevo
Definition
place in Bosnia where Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated
Term
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Definition
last kaiser of Germany
Term
Tsar Nicholas II
Definition
last tsar of Russia
Term
Lusitania
Definition
by German submarine; Americans were killed; helped turn American public opinion against Germany during World War I
Term
Triple Entente
Definition
alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia
Term
Triple Alliance
Definition
alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Term
Treaty of Versailles
Definition
treaty that ended World War I and which contained the basis for the League of Nations and for reparations to be paid by Germany and others who lost
Term
Reparations
Definition
payments to be made to the winning countries by losing nations
Term
Trench Warfare
Definition
battles fought from trenches by opposing sides of the Western Front
Term
The Schlieffen Plan
Definition
the German plan to invade France prior to World War I
Term
Bolshevik
Definition
the name of the wing of the Communist Party in Russia that took over during the revolution
Term
Lenin
Definition
first Communist ruler of Russia
Term
Stalin
Definition
second Communist ruler of Russia
Term
Trotsky
Definition
Bolshevik who established the Red Army
Term
Collectivization
Definition
forcing farmers to give up land to be owned by the farmers in common
Term
Five-Year Plan
Definition
Stalin's plan to increase industrial production
Term
Purge
Definition
forcing out or killing one's opponents, as Stalin did in the late 1930s
Term
Comintern
Definition
the committee of communist parties from all nations and managed by Russia
Term
Totalitarian
Definition
one-party control of government
Term
Soviet
Definition
name for a council of workers
Term
Fascism
Definition
the Italian name for one party control of government
Term
Mussolini
Definition
the fascist leader of Italy
Term
Hitler
Definition
founder of the Nazi party in Germany
Term
Nazi
Definition
a short name for Hitler's National Socialist Party
Term
Weimer Republic
Definition
the republic in Germany that replaced the empire after World War I
Term
Inflation
Definition
prices increasing faster than people's ability to pay
Term
Ultranationalist
Definition
the name given to the most conservative business and military in Japan
Term
Anschluss
Definition
the term for bringing together all Germans into one nation
Term
Lebensraum
Definition
Hitler’s desire to find room for expansion of Germany eastward
Term
Gestapo
Definition
Nazi secret police
Term
Munich and appeasement
Definition
meeting between Hitler, Great Britain and France in which he was allowed to tale part of Czechoslovakia
Term
Czechoslovakia
Definition
one of the nations of Central Europe taken over by Germany
Term
Sudetenland
Definition
a section of Czechoslovakia inhabited largely by ethnic Germans
Term
Manchuria
Definition
the region of northeastern China taken over by Japan in 1931
Term
Isolationism
Definition
American policy to avoid alliances with other nations
Term
Pearl Harbor
Definition
the port in Hawaii where Japan destroyed much of the fleet in a surprise attack on December 7th, 1941
Term
Stalingrad
Definition
a city in Russia where the Russians surrounded and captured over 300,000 German troops
Term
D-Day
Definition
the code name for the invasion of Normandy by the allies on June 6th, 1944
Term
The Final Solution
Definition
the decision to eliminate the Jews in Europe
Term
Kristallnacht
Definition
a night in which German Jews were attacked by the government and mobs
Term
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Definition
the two Japanese cities on which atomic bombs were dropped
Term
Barbarossa
Definition
the code name for the German invasion of Russia in 1941
Term
Blitzkrieg
Definition
"lightning war" a quick strike by armored troops and planes
Term
Ghetto
Definition
the name for portions of cities where Jews were packed in and confined
Term
Aryan
Definition
the name for the ideal German race
Term
Phony War
Definition
the period between the fall of Poland in October 1939 and the invasion of France in spring 1940
Term
The Battle of Britain
Definition
the attempt by Germany to bomb Great Britain into stopping the war
Term
Maginot Line
Definition
French fortifications intended to stop a potential German invasion
Term
Atlantic Charter
Definition
an agreement between the US and Great Britain as to war goals
Term
Concentration Camp
Definition
a place where Jews and other undesirables were held and often killed. slave labor.
Term
The Manhattan Project
Definition
the name of the project in which the atomic bomb was developed
Term
Dunkirk
Definition
the city from which the British troops were evacuated after the fall of France in 1940
Term
Franklin Roosevelt
Definition
American president during World War II
Term
Chruchill
Definition
British Prime Minster during World War II
Term
Island-hopping
Definition
the American strategy to get closer to the Japanese home islands by skipping over Japanese held territory in the Pacific
Term
Kamikaze
Definition
planes loaded with bombs and piloted into American targets
Term
Holocaust
Definition
the name given to the killing of over 6 million Jews
Term
Auschwitz
Definition
the most notorious of the death camps where the most Jews were killed
Term
Harry Truman
Definition
the American president who ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb and who led the US through the early years of the Cold War
Term
Cold War
Definition
conflict and competition between America and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies between 1945 and 1991
Term
Truman Doctrine
Definition
support for any nation fighting communist insurgency within its borders
Term
Containment
Definition
the policy of containing communism so that it could not expand further
Term
Korea
Definition
the Asian peninsula where the US fought North Korea and China between 1950-1953
Term
Mao Zedong
Definition
the Communist leader of China
Term
Chiang Kai-Shek
Definition
the Nationalist leader of China
Term
Vietnam
Definition
in Southeast Asia where America fought the Viet Cong and North Vietnam from the early 1960s until 1973
Term
Viet Cong
Definition
Communist insurgents in South Vietnam
Term
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Definition
a congressional resolution that gave the president the okay to send troops to fight communists in Vietnam
Term
The Bay of Pigs
Definition
where America supported Cuban refugees landed and tried to begin a process to overthrow Castro
Term
The Cuban Missle Crisis
Definition
October 1963 crisis in which the US blockaded Russian ships from bringing missiles to Cuba
Term
The Berlin Wall
Definition
a wall built to keep people in East Berlin from escaping to West Berlin
Term
Khrushchev
Definition
the Russian leader during the Cuban Missile crisis
Term
Eisenhower
Definition
an American general who was also president from 1953-1961
Term
Kennedy
Definition
American president during the Cuban Missile crisis and who as assassinated
Term
Johnson
Definition
the president who escalated American involvement in Vietnam
Term
Nixon
Definition
the president who opened communications with China in 1972
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