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| immigrants who came to the United States BEFORE the 1880s (they were mostly from Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandinavia. |
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| immigrants who came to the United States AFTER 1880 (mostly from eastern Europe and southern Europe -- Czechs, Greeks, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Russians, adn Slovaks) |
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| a cramped area (in a boat) where poor passengers would stay -- it was in the lower deck of the boat |
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| apartments that were poorly built and crowded -- poor people lived in tenements because that was all they could afford |
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| organizations that helped immigrants in cases of sickness, unemployment, or death. |
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| people who were born in the United States who didn't really like immigrants and thought that immigrants would hurt the American society |
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| public transportation (caused less traffic in the cities) |
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| neighborhoods that surrounded the cities |
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| giant retail shops that sold a lot of different items (a one-stop shop); low prices and convenience |
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| houses that were located in poor neighborhoods -- people who worked their would help people with education and social activities. |
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| leisure and cultural activities (many people had enjoyed activities like world fairs, amusement parks, and thrill rides) |
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| a machine that typed (this machine made print newspapers and other printed materials so much easier) |
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realistic stories (like The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain) |
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| A company that raises money by selling stock |
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| A person who donates money to charity |
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| Someone who starts a business |
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| The economic system in which private businesses run most Industries |
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| Guarantees an inventor all profits from an invention |
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| Group formed to improve wages and working conditions |
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| The nation’s biggest business in the years immediately following the Civil War |
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| Increased the nation’s steel output by 10 times! |
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| Business that is free from government involvement |
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| political organizations that used legal and illegal methods to insure a certain candidate won |
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| provided patronage or government contract jobs to the poor; provided favors and stuff like that in order to get a vote |
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| Pendleton Civil Service Act |
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| act that established merit system for awarding federal jobs; exams to prove abilities for potential jobs |
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| people who wanted to reform government, expand democracy, promote social welfare, and believed in economic reform |
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| journalists who wrote articles to cause public awareness of problems and needs to reform |
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| a reform that allowed people to vote an official out of office |
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| a reform that allowed voters to propose a law directly |
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| a reform where a proposed law was submitted to the vote of the people |
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| voters, rather than party conventions choose candidates to run for office |
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| women fighting for the right to vote |
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| an organization to fight the loneliness of farm life and improve methods of farming |
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| includes all jobs in which people are appointed rather than elected |
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| Teddy Roosevelt's plan to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and business |
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| corporations could not gain control of industries by forming trusts; Teddy Roosevelt enforced this law |
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| patronage system; informal practice where a political party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for their vote |
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| allowed Americans to vote directly for US Senators |
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| The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation; A wise use of natural resources |
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| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded by WEB DuBois and others in 1909; to pursue goals of economic, educational, and social equality for African Americans |
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| The temperance movement attempted to greatly reduce the amount of alcohol consumed or even prohibit its production and consumption |
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| An economic system in which the basic means of production are primarily owned and controlled collectively, usually by government |
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| Progressive Party founded by Teddy Roosevelt |
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| Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform, which emphasized states’ rights and free enterprise as the cornerstones of individual freedom. |
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| During Woodrow Wilson's first term; Regulated banking to help small banks stay in business |
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| Women get the right to vote (1920) |
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| New York City on March 25, 1911, The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards; 146 garment workers perished in the fire |
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| The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages; repealed by the 20th Amendment |
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| act that said child labor was evil and should end; supporte by Woodrow Wilson |
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| The 1912 election where the Bull Moose Party, led by Theodore Roosevelt, tried to gain the White House, only to split the Republican party and give Wilson the presidency. |
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