Term
| Who established the first Psychological lab and in which year? |
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Definition
| Wilhelm Wundt 1879 (He was considered the first experimental Psychologist) |
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Term
| Who coined the term Structuralism and what is it? |
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Definition
| Edward Titchener! It suggests a person is defined as the sum total of experiences from birth to the present for form a complex, unique person. (Introspection was used as a tool to analyze structures within the mind) |
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Term
| What is Introspection and who first used it? |
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Definition
| Edward Titchener (1876-1927) (he studied under Wundt) |
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Term
| Who founded APA and in which year? |
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Definition
| G. Stanley Hall in 1892 at Clark University (26 men) (Hall studied under Wundt) |
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Term
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Definition
| American Psychological Association |
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Term
| What is the Boulder Model and in which year was it developed? |
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Definition
| Science-Practitioner Model 1949! |
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Term
| Who is the father of Psychometrics? |
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Definition
| Gustav Fechner (1809-1887) |
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Term
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Definition
| practitioner–scholar model 1973! |
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Term
| Prior to the APA conference in Boulder (1949), ________-__________ dominated the field of clinical psychology. |
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Definition
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Term
| APA accredits which 3 types of programs graduate level programs? |
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Definition
Clinical Psychology
Counseling Psychology
School Psychology |
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Term
| Does APA accredit any undergraduate or masters programs? |
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Definition
| No. Only Doctorate level programs |
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Term
| Who founded the first Psychological Clinic US, in which year and where? |
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Definition
| Lightner Witmer in 1896 at University of Pennsylvania in 1896. |
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Term
| Who was the first female president of APA and in which year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who studied memory and developed the Memory Curve Graph and used nonsense syllables? |
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Definition
| Hermann Ebbinghaus. (Nonsense syllables were used to show material is learned more easily through the formation of association) |
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Term
| What is Functionalism and who started it? |
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Definition
| William James. Focus on what happens in the brain. the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Also emphasized individual differences. |
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Term
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Definition
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchner |
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Term
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Definition
William James
John Dewey
Harvey Carr
John Angell |
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Term
| In the 17th century who coined tabula rasa and what does it mean? |
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Definition
| John Locke, blank slate. The idea that humans were born with no knowledge (Blank slate); we learn everything we know. |
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Term
| What is Eugenics Society and who came up with this theory? |
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Definition
| Fancis Galton, Darwins cousin researcher of genetics. The theory of improving the human race by breeding best people with best genetics. |
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Term
| Who developed Correlation and Regression? |
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Definition
| Francis Galton (Darwins Cousin) also: Eugenics Society and believed intelligence was hereditary. |
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Term
| James-Lange Theory of emotion? (has been disproved with the exception of panic disorder) |
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Definition
| Emotions result form physiological feedback |
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Term
| What is Gestalt Psychology and who founded it? |
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Definition
| Max Wertheimer. (Founded as a rebellion against Wundts molecularism) It looks at the human mind and behavior as wholes rather than attempting to break them up into smaller parts. |
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Term
| Who discovered Classical Conditioning and what is it? |
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Definition
| Pavlov. Involves placing a neutral signal BEFORE a reflex, focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors. (Dog salivating) |
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Term
| Founder (or Father) of Behaviorism? |
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Definition
| John B. Watson, baby Albert Experiment |
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Term
| Who is B.F. Skinner and what did he develop? |
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Definition
A Radical Behaviorist.
Developed: ABC'S (Antecedent, Bx, Consequence); Reinforcement; Punishment;schedules of reinforcement and Operant Extintion. |
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Term
| Who discovered Operant Conditioning and what is it? |
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Definition
| B.F. Skinner. Includes applying reinforcement or punishment AFTER a voluntary behavior. (animal presses lever) |
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Term
| Reinforcement _________ a behavior. |
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Definition
| increases (positive and negative) |
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Term
| Punishment _________ a behavior. |
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Definition
| decreases (positive and negative) |
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Term
| Who studied Social Learning Theory and which experiment was he famous for? |
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Definition
| Albert Bandura, 1950's Bobo Doll Experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Aristole. Thought of the mind as a blank slate with no pre-existing knowledge (John Locke coined the term Tabula Rasa meaning blank slate in 17th century but the idea was based on Aristole's thinking) |
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Term
| Name 3 Greek Dualist thinkers (Mind and body separate) AND believed we were born with some knowledge already? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 Greek "Blank Slate" thinkers. |
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Definition
| Aristotle and John Locke. (John Locke coined the term Tabula Rasa) |
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Term
| Who said, "I think therefore I am" |
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Definition
| Descarte. He was a Dualist because he believed body and mind were separate. |
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Term
| Who was the first African American to get a PhD and in which year? |
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Definition
| Francis Sumner, 1920 (Clark University) |
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Term
| What are the Binet Simon Scales? |
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Definition
| An evaluation of mental development of children by a series of psychological tests of intellectual ability. |
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Term
| Why were the Binet-Simon scales referred later as the Standford-Binet scales? |
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Definition
| In 1916, at Stanford University, the psychologist LEWIS TERMAN released a revised examination which became known as the "Stanford–Binet test" because he attended Stanford University. |
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Term
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Definition
(MA/CA) * 100 = IQ
(Mental Age divided by Chronological Age) multiplied by 100. |
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Term
| WWI Army Testing for categorizing and evaluating IQ? |
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Definition
Alpha - Higher intelligence
Beta - lower educational level/lower intelligece (usually illiterate) |
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Term
| What is the Rorschach inkblot test and in which year was it created? |
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Definition
| 1921, A tool used to examine personality characteristics and emotional functioning using subjects' perceptions of inkblots. |
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Term
What is ECT?
Who introduced it in 1938 for humans?
What was it originally used to treat? |
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Definition
Electroconvulsive therapy, 1938
Ugo Cerletti
Schizophrenia/psychosis
(Today is it used to treat depression) |
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Term
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Definition
| An activist on behalf of people w/mental disorders (could not care for themselves/lacked family and friends). Her movement created the first generation of American mental asylums. |
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Term
What is Humanistic Psychology?
Who developed it and when? |
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Definition
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
1950's in response to the overly pessimistic view of psychoanalysis |
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Term
| Who is considered the Father of Psych Testing? |
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Definition
James McKeen Cattell
1884 – suggest 10 standardized tests at every lab |
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Term
| Who translated the Binet Scales into English in 1910? |
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Definition
| Henry Goddard. He also coined the term "moron" to denote mild retardation. He worked with children but has none of his own. |
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Term
| Who studied IQ long term and what were the results? |
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Definition
Lewis Ternman
IQ’s 140-155 well adjusted people
IQ’s above that… not well adjusted; divorces, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Age old practice for hallucinations to release spirits out of the head by drilling a hole in ones skull. |
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Term
Brain Localization.
What is Phrenology and who used it? |
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Definition
Franz Joseph Gall.
An ancient science/studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology/shape of the skull. |
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Term
| When was the first DSM published?? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is Harry Harlow and for which experiment is he famous? |
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Definition
| He studied the importance of attachment and love in development. Monkey experiment |
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Term
| What is Atomism and which Greek Philosopher believed in it? |
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Definition
| Democritus and it meant Materialism; there is only the body, reality if physical. |
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Term
| Greek Father of medicine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who stated, "I think therefore I am!" AND the Father of Reflex Psychology? |
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Definition
| Descartes (the father of Reflex Psychology) Responses happen through the nervous system after applying a stimulus |
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Term
| Beginning of Science: what did they each of the following discover; Galileo? Issac Newton? William Harvey? |
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Definition
Galileo - Astronomer/math Scientific Method foundations
Isaac Newton - Gravity
William Harvey - Blood is the basis for all life and is pumped by heart |
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Term
T/F
British Empiricist George Berkeley was know for which SUBJECT IDEALISM? |
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Definition
TRUE!
Subjective Idealism - all knowledge comes from experience and the existence of the world depends on the perception. |
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Term
| Physiological beginnings; Spinal Reflexes? |
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Definition
| Whytt. A from without a spinal cord does not respond to a pinch. a frog without a brain, with a spinal cord, does. (whytt's reflex: contraction of the pupil in light) |
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Term
| Physiological beginnings; Specific nerve energies? |
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Definition
| Muller. Different nerves have different energies and are associated with diff senses. |
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Term
| Physiological beginnings, Spinal Roots? |
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Definition
Sir Charles Bell and Francois Magendie.
Bell-Magendie Law: Distinguishes between DORSAL (sensory) and VERNTAL (motor) roots of nerves. |
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Term
| Physiological beginnings, Electrical Nerve Conduction? (Gavani) |
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Definition
Galvani and Helmholtz.
Galvanic Skin Response: changes in electricity via skin caused by an emotional stimulus, such as fright. |
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Term
| Physiological beginning, Electrical Nerve Condition? (Helmholtz) |
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Definition
Galvani and Helmoltz.
Yourn-Heimholtz trichromatic theory of color vision: 3 kinds of nerve fibers: red, green and blue. |
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Term
| Beginning of Gestalt. Who is Osward Kulpe? |
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Definition
Studied his Phd under Wundt.
He developed notion of "imageless thought" - thought processes w/out discrete mental images. ALSO aimed to develop "positive psychology" |
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Term
| Which 3 names is Associated with Gestalt psychology? |
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Definition
Max Wertheimer ( and two younger assistants)
Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka |
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Term
| Humanistic and Existential Therapies focus on sell-fulfillment through self-_________ and self-__________. |
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Definition
| self-awareness and self-acceptance. |
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Term
| Who developed Cognitive Therapy? |
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Definition
| Aaron Beck; based on schemas, cognitive triad, faulty information processing. |
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Term
| What is Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) and who developed it? |
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Definition
| Albert Ellis. Irrational thoughts are the root of distress. 3 types: Self, Others, World |
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Term
| what are Jean Piaget's 4 stages of Cognitive Development? |
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Definition
1)Sensory motor 0-2
2)preoperational stage 2-6
3)concrete operational stage 7-11
4)formal operational 12-adulthood |
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Term
| Who was Margaret Floy Washburn? |
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Definition
| The first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology (1894) and the second woman to be president of APA in 1921 after Mary Calkin (1905) |
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Term
| Who is Inez Beverly Prosser? |
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Definition
| The first African-American female to receive a Ph.D in psychology (1933). She was killed in a car accident shortly after earning her degree. |
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Term
| Who said, "I sense therefore I am" |
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Definition
David Hume "...when we hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will"
ALSO- Neumatic philosophy- the scientific study of mental life |
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Term
| Name the philosopher who studied Anatomy and linked it to "passions". |
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Definition
| Galen. He believed diseases of the soul arise from "passions"- anger, fear, grief, envy, lust. |
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Term
Who was a child prodigy, was later known for being a feminist and proposed utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism |
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Definition
J.S. Mill
Utilitarianism:actions are wrong in proportion to the unhappiness they cause others |
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Term
| Who studied Trial and Error with a Puzzle Box and proposed the Law of Effect? |
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Definition
Edward Lee Thorndike.
The Law of Effect- connections are strengthened or weakened due to the consequences |
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Term
| Who studied Individual Psychology, Child birth order? |
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Definition
| Alfred Adler - life's major goal is to achieve superiority by overcoming inferiority |
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Term
| Who is the Father of Ego Psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Otto Kernberg study? |
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Definition
| Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Term
| what is Donald Winnicott known for? |
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Definition
| Good-enough-monther, TRUE self and FALSE self |
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Term
| what is Heinz Kohut known for? |
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Definition
| Self, Self, Self. Introspection and empathic immersion. importance of being "mirrored" and also worked with Narcissists. |
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Term
| W.R.D. Fairbairn is known for? |
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Definition
| Universal Splitting of the ego |
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Term
| Who is Father of the Humanistic School?? |
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Definition
| Abraham Maslow. hierarchy of needs: |
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Term
| Who developed Client-Centered Therapy? |
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Definition
| Carl Rogers, (humanistic) |
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Term
| who translated the Binet-Simon into English? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
The terms a priori ("from the earlier")
-A priori knowledge or justification is independent of experience (for example "All bachelors are unmarried"). Galen Strawson has stated that an a priori argument is one in which "you can see that it is true just lying on your couch". You don't have to get up off your couch and go outside and examine the way things are in the physical world. You don't have to do any science |
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Term
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Definition
| A posteriori knowledge or justification is dependent on experience or empirical evidence (for example "Some bachelors I have met are very happy"). |
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Term
| Who published "The Reflex Are Concept in Psychology" |
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Definition
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Term
| Edward Tolman said believed that all behavior has a _______. |
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Definition
purpose. This is called Purposeful behavior
(also the chair to APA's first Ethical Committee) |
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Term
| Name 5 functions of Modeling (Badura) |
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Definition
-observational learning effects
-inhibition/disinhibition
-response facilitation
-environmental enhancement
-arousal effects
- |
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Term
| Freud's Psychosocial stages |
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Definition
oral 0-18mo
anal 2-3yrs
phallic 3-6 yrs
latency 6-puberty
genital puberty+ |
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Term
| Which feminist proposed the idea of womb envy to counter Freuds penis envy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erickson's 8 stages of psychosocial development |
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Definition
1 Trust vs. Mistrust
2 Autonomy vs Shame
3 Initiative vs. Guilt
4 Industry vs Inferiority
5 Identity vs Role confusion
6 Intimacy vs. Isolation
7 Generativity vs. Stagnation
8 Integrity vs. Despair |
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Term
| Who was the first Hispanic woman to get a Phd? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first African American president of APA? |
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Definition
| Kenneth Clark (he and his wife were the first African Americans to get heir Phds in Psychology from Columbia. |
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Term
| Who was the first African American woman to get her receive a Doctorate in psychology (EdD at university of Cincinnati) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| First African American to earn a PhDin psychology (Stanley Halls student, he later taught at Harvard) |
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Term
| First female president of APA? (1905) |
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Definition
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Term
| First female to get a PhD in Psychology? (at Cornell) |
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Definition
Margaret Floy Washburn!
She was also the 2nd female president of APA after Calkins |
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Term
| Who is Roger Sperry and what is he known for? |
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Definition
| A neuroscientist who did research on split-brain by cutting the corpus collosum |
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Term
| Who developed Cognitive Dissonance theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who studied memory and also created Serial Reproduction |
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Definition
| Sir Frederick Charles Bartlett. He studied memory and asked subjects to recall the same story multiple times |
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Term
| Who studied language and developmed the Zone of Proximal Development> |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who developed cognitive Therapy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is RET and who created it? |
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Definition
Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
Developed by Albert Ellis |
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Term
| The Binet-Simon Intelligence Test was translated from Fench to English and then it was revised to the Stanford-Binet. Who translated it? and who revised it? |
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Definition
| Goddard translated it into English, then Terman revised it while he was attending Standford |
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Term
| Who set up Psyche Corps and is the father of testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| The APA COde of Ethics was adopted in 1952 and published in ____. |
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Definition
| 1953 (Edward Tolman was the chair of the first ethics board |
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Term
| Boulder model in ____ was the beginning of the ________-__________ model, where Vail model in ____ was the beginning of the ___________ model. |
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Definition
| 1947 Scientist-Practitioner, 1973 Practitioner (PsyD) model |
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Term
| Who developed the Alpha and Beta tests. (He was also APA president in 1917 |
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Definition
| Yerkes devloped the Alpha Beta tests for WWI evaluation of military personnel |
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Term
| What is Litner Whitmer known for? |
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Definition
| He coined the term Clinical Psychology, created a residential school for kids w/learning difficulties and started the First Psychological CLINIC (U Penn) |
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Term
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Definition
| An activist for the mentally ill, she campaigned for improved conditions for the mentally ill in the US and helped create psychiatric hospitals |
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Term
| When is APA's birthday and who is its dad? |
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Definition
| 1892, G. Stanley Hall. He created APA in an effort in advance psychology as a science |
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Term
| What did Phillipe Pinel order in France at Bicetra asylum? |
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Definition
| He ordered the removal of chains and humane treatment for mentally ill people (1793) |
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Term
| Who is the Father of Ego Psychology? |
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Definition
| Heinz Hartmann (Ego means self. Sometimes we are selfish and follow our hearts, HARTman) |
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Term
| Which of Skinners schedules of reinforcement is the most powerful? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| He was the first American Psychologist, he published Principles of Psychology, and coined the phrase stream of consciousness |
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Term
| What is Ernst Weber's famous concept? |
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Definition
| the "just noticeable difference" concept, AKA difference threshold |
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Term
| What is John Dewey's reflex arc theory? |
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Definition
| a stimulus produces a sensation, which triggers a response (later found to be too simple) |
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Term
|
Definition
| area is in the left frontal lobe which involves speech production |
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Term
|
Definition
| area of the left temporal lobe (bordering on the parietal lobe) which is involved in the comprehension of speech |
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Term
| Who believed that other brain areas had the capacity to take over some of the functions of ablated areas, what is this called and who theorized it? |
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Definition
| Neural Plasticity, Pierre Jean Marie Flourens |
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Term
| What is "leviathan" and who theorized it? |
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Definition
HOBBES!
Theory of human nature; people from groups for security/human nature is selfish and aggressive/but people give up aggression to an absolute ruler |
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Term
| What method did Galileo lay the foundations for? |
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Definition
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