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| Early science, observing the world |
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| Age of theology; Aristotle: earth, air, fire, and water |
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| Aquinas & Magnus (natural truth and revealed truth) Roger Bacon: urged people to “look at the world” |
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| Francis Bacon: advocated experimentalism; Nicolas Copernicus: Earth is round & revolves around the sun |
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| Galileo Galilei: punished for beliefs (house arrest for 14 yrs); Isaac Newton: 3 laws of motions; Archbishop James Usher: Earth was created in 4004 B.C. |
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| Some general facts about Charles Darwin (1809–1882) |
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1. He was born in England, the son of a prominent physician.
2. His grandfather, Erasmus, was the first “Darwin” to propose a theory of evolution.
3. He attended medical school but couldn’t stand the sight of blood and soon dropped out.
4. He attended divinity school and graduated.
5. Darwin’s professor, Reverend Henslow, recommended him to Captain Fitzroy, who was planning to sail around the world.
6. As a result of his Uncle Wedgwood’s (as in Wedgwood china) encouragement, Darwin boarded the HMS Beagle |
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| a guess regarding the outcome of the change to the system or the phenomenon being studied; must be falsifiable |
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| Making a hypothesis based on observations and then testing that hypotheses |
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| What you are measuring (Depends on what "I" do) |
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| What you are in control of (What "I" change" |
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| Used to understand a phenomenon; they allow the scientist to think about what they believe would happen to the phenomenon if an aspect of the model was changed |
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| Understanding how the system is organized is a fundamental starting point in understanding how the system works. Without understanding the organization of a system, it would be impossible to understand the interactions and processes of the subsystems |
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| A system within a larger system - An atom is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. Each of these components could be considered a subsystem of the atomic system. These particles are, themselves composed of smaller subatomic particles called quarks. |
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| When observing processes, sometimes certain patterns of outcomes will emerge. Sometimes a process leads to a new outcome and provides a new starting point for another process. When this occurs, the outcomes of the system’s processes are evolving. In other cases, the outcome of the processes may always remain between boundaries and may even eventually settle to a particular outcome. This pattern of outcomes is called achieving equilibrium. |
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