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4 geographical divisions of Palestine |
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coastal plain-plain of Philista
central hill country
jordan rift
transjordan plateau |
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chosen to lead a war against the Midiniates • Destroyed fathers altar and built a new one to God w/ a sacrifice • When preparing for battle he asked God for a sign to see if he was right when he got the sign, he prepared forces for battle • Attacked @ night with 300 men, then captured 2 men. Lit their torches on fire • Had son kill them • Tried to make Gideon king. “ephod” became an idol • Fear of disgrace was greater than fear of death. |
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• Son of a harlot cast out by ½ brothers. Became an out law raiding caravans on the King’s Highway • Agreed to be king, but if he were to become successful, he would become permanent head of the tribe. • He vowed to the Lord that he would be successful, he would sacrifice to the Lord the 1st thing he saw when he returned from battle • Sacrificed daughter |
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• 3 other minor judges are intro. Have large families • Possessed neither the will or character of God • (Nazarite) he bore a son after several years. • God attacked by a lion – killed lion |
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– a nobody who thought he was somebody • Gideon’s son by a slave • Abimelech was considered “a mock judge” • Sought power • Called himself… instead of God calling him • Died in disgrace • Hired a group of thugs and slaughtered all thugs except for one. • Then he had himself proclaimed king |
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o Falls in loves w/ David o She’s given to David by Saul o Helps save David’s life when Saul plots to kill him o Never had any kids o Dares to stand up to David • Objects to David’s behavior during the procession which brings The Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem |
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Encouragement of Joshua (3 pair statements) |
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o God, Moses and people encourage Joshua o 3 pairs of advice/encouragement o Positive • “Be strong & courageous” • “The Lord is w/ your” • “Obey all the laws” o Encouragement o Negative • Do not be terrified do not be discouraged • He wont leave you or forsake you. • Do not turn from it to right or left! |
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How Joshua is similar to Moses |
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o God says I will be w/you as I was w/ Moses o Commissioning spies (Joshua 2) o Crossing the Jordan River (like Red Sea) Josh 3-4 o Joshua reaffirms covenant, reads and rewrites laws (Joshua 8) • He writes it down over and over again. o Joshua takes all land, the land rests. He finished what Moses started. (Josh 11.) o Is Joshua a model for later kings? |
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Focus on God as victor in Joshua |
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o Circumcision – most important thing is to prepare religiously. o Passover – they are being reminded of a past victory and it gives them encouragement o Holy grand commander – Angel telling Joshua that angels are fighting on his side J- takes off his shoes o Strategy is to place faith in God (Joshua) Rely not on military but on the Lord! |
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Questions about Holy War in Bible |
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• Deuteronomy 20 describes the rules for conducting a holy war (putting the people under a band) • Calls for killing every man, woman, child, and beast • Applies only to wars inside the promised land • Stated purpose: to prevent religious apostasy • More ideological than real? |
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o Joshua 1-12 implies total occupation • Exceptions in Joshua 12-18, Judges 1 o Places where Israelites still are in hills and Canaanites in plains o Conquest ( & religious devotion) only partial o Remains unfinished until David (c 1000 B.C.) |
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Social Structure of Israel (segmentary lieage) |
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o The Israelite Society • Men of one house vs. other houses • Houses of one clan vs. other clans • Clans of one tribe vs. other tribes • Tribes of one nation vs. other nations o Constant balancing act between individual wants and group obligations |
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Deborah as evidence of social structure, and placing focus on God as victor |
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o Only female judge o Prophetess o Known for settling disputes o Calls on Borak to lead tribes against Canaan o Deborah says “the Lord give victory” has the biggest following than any other judge! 5 tribes!!! |
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Literary pattern of major judges |
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o Israel sins (worshipped other Gods) o The Lord sends oppressors o The people cry for help o The Lord sends a judge/savior o The lives of six judges follow this pattern and are called major judges |
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steady decline of faithfulness during judges |
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o Gideon’s Idol o Abemelech (G’s son) tries to become king but he ends up getting killed by a woman o Jepthah’s daughter- sacrifices daughter as animal o Samson and woman o Immortality and Civil War |
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how samuel's birth is like heroes of Genesis |
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o Birth circumstances similar to those of Isaac and Jacob o Birth like one of the Patriarchs • Born to Hannah • One of 2 wives • More loved by her husband • Barren many years |
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biblical view of political systems |
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o Some see in these events a divine preference for democracy and monarchy o God says “They have rejected Me from being king” o Samuel says “You have rejected your God” o Calls the request for a king… “an evil thing” o Many assume having a king is evil o Perhaps its asking that is evil |
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samuel's challenge and how saul fails as kings |
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o Samuel Challenge: Serve the Lord with all your heart remember what he has done for you. • Saul offers sacrifice instead of Samuel • Demonstrates faith (claims to) but not waiting for Samuel he exposes fear. • Saul doesn’t wait to seek Gods advice and starts battle • As battle begins he makes an oath that me will not eat. Saul hopes God is with him but brings an opposite • Wins battle but not as commanded • Claims to glorify the Lord but he actually wants to glorify himself. Wants people to like him • Saul rips Samuel’s coat • The Lord will rip away Saul’s kingdom |
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three ways David unifies the nation |
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o Politically - makes Jerusalem a neutral capital (Jerusalem was right in the middle of 2 tribes) o Military – defeats neighbor’s enemies. o Religiously – moves the ark to Jerusalem (the ark had been captured and returned during Saul’s reign had just been sitting somewhere) |
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what god does for David; and how david serves the lord |
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o Chooses David to be king so say Samuel Jonathan. o Puts his Spirit on David o Is often w/ David win battle. Goliath, Philistines others
o Has the right heart o Credits the Lord w/ victories o Honors Saul out of respect for the Lord o Recognizes the Lord has made him king o Brings the Ark to the capital shows that God is front and centered in his life and wants God front and center in everyone’s life. o Dances like a fool to honor the Lord |
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David and Bathsheba: why tell the story; consequences/ punishments |
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• David had an affair with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah. • She conceived a child • David attempts to have Uriah return from battle and sleep with his wife in order to conceal that he was the one who made her pregnant. • Uriah does not sleep with his wife while back so David has Joab put Uriah in the frontline of the battles where Uriah is killed. • Bathsheba was brought to David’s house and became his wife and gave birth to his child. • This story is told to show the sin of David and the consequences that were placed on him because of this deed. • Consequences/Punishments o The Lord forgave David of his sins, however, He could not let David go unpunished, so God spared David but… o The child |
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david, forgiveness and the character-name of God |
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o Nathan says David is forgiven yet… • Child dies • David and family suffer for years o Does this suggest a lack of real forgiveness? o Is God living up to his character-name revealed to Moses and Mt. Sinai? • Gracious merciful to 1,000 generations • But punishing sin to 3rd/4th generations |
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relation of Davidic covenant to Mosaic and Abrahamic |
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o Lord’s good world has been corrupted by humans • Leads to making of Abrahamic Covenant: Lord chose 1 family through whom all families will be blessed. o The Family (Israel) is to bring blessings to all by upholding the Mosaic covenant “doing justice and righteousness” o W/o a king, “Every man did what was right in his own eyes” o Davidic Covenant: designates 1 (royal) family to lead nation in upholding Mosaic and fulfilling Abrahamic Covenant. |
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stories of solomon's wisdom |
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o How he gets wisdom: • Asks for wisdom instead of wealth and power • Demonstrates wisdom in famous court case b/w two prostitutes baby • As wise judge, provides what was lacking in David’s reign • Queen of Sheba: “The Lord has made you king to do justice and righteousness.” |
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religious cause of solomon's decline |
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o Lord tells Saul: I have torn kingdom from you and given it to 1 of your neighbors o Lord says: “My love will never be taken from him (Solomon), as I took it from Saul” o Kingdom is torn out from Solomon; 1 tribe (Judah) is left to him. |
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interpretations of the Davidic covenant |
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o How people reconcile conditional / unconditional • Reflects political needs • Tone changes from unconditional (David’s dynasty) to conditional (after Jerusalem falls 586 B.C.) • So people wont think God has broken a promise • Tied David’s Covenant w/ Israel’s 2 already existing covenants • Unconditional, like Abraham’s covenant; conditional like Moses’ covenant. • As long as nations last, House of David rules. • Based on nations obedience to Mosaic Law. • Tied David’s covenant to Christian covenant • Promise in conditional for physical Israel • Unconditional for spiritual Israel (fulfillment in Jesus) |
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interpretations of the Davidic covenant |
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o How people reconcile conditional / unconditional • Reflects political needs • Tone changes from unconditional (David’s dynasty) to conditional (after Jerusalem falls 586 B.C.) • So people wont think God has broken a promise • Tied David’s Covenant w/ Israel’s 2 already existing covenants • Unconditional, like Abraham’s covenant; conditional like Moses’ covenant. • As long as nations last, House of David rules. • Based on nations obedience to Mosaic Law. • Tied David’s covenant to Christian covenant • Promise in conditional for physical Israel • Unconditional for spiritual Israel (fulfillment in Jesus) |
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o To discourage his people from returning to David’s house, Jeroboam alters worship among northerners in 4 ways to keep people from worshipping as do in south • Make 2 golden calves for worship • Designates Dan and Bethal as sanctuary cities • Appoints new priests (not Levites) • Changes fall harvest festival • All of these are contrary to Laws of Moses. |
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titles and functions of prophets |
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o Prophet are mentioned as authors of records about kings o Main theme: be true to Mosaic covenant w/ God or expect consequences o Prophets balance power of kings • Samuel w/ Saul • Nathan w/ David o Served as “mouth” of God to humans o 4 purposes: • Announce God’s plans • Promote Law • Advise kings • Speak out for the poor |
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high priest appointed to David - loyal to Abonijah |
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commmander of Saul's ary, swithches to David's side |
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4h son of david heir to the throne but Solomon gets it |
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wife of Oriah, adultry with David then become married mother of Solomon |
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judge ad prophetess, led Israel to victory in battle |
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high priest and judge, teaches Samuel |
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mother of Samuel and mistress |
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walled city in Jordan, was given to Israel by God through earthquake |
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first king of 10 tribes, made idols, led people to sin, reign full of war and turmiol |
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great helper of David, but David had Solomon kill him |
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son of Saul, friend of David |
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prophet of Samaria, called after the other 400 prophets to consult the king about battle, king didn't like response so sent to prison |
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Saul's daughter, david's wife and a point of conflict between David and house of Saul |
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Saul's daughter, david's wife and a point of conflict between David and house of Saul |
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prophet during reign of David and Solomon, educated Solomon, connected to the building of the temple |
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saved spies of Israel, a whore, and was spared when Jericho fell |
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son of Solomon and king of Judah for 17 years |
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city in Samaria taht Joab inhabited, place where Joshua made his final address to Israel, Joshua's alter overlooks Schechem |
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place where tabernacle was sent after conquest |
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husband of Bathsheba, sent into battle to be killed by David, a hittite was honoral for a foreigner |
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high priest in the tribe of Israel other than Abiathar who support Solomon |
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