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History 8 Chapter 10 review sheet3/22/09
Chapter 10 review sheet for History 8
28
History
8th Grade
03/22/2009

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Term
Radical
Definition
Someone who takes extreme political position
Term
Unconstitutional
Definition
Contradicting to the law of the Constitution
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
The principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution
Term
Impressment
Definition
The act of seizing by force; kidnapping
Term
Embargo
Definition
Refusal to trade with foreign countries
Term
War Hawks
Definition
Westerners who supported the War of 1812. Wanted British aid to Native Americans STOPPED, and they wanted the British out of Canada.
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
Won the election of 1800 against Burr and Adams. Bought the Louisiana territory for $15 million.
Term
John Marshall
Definition
Appointed by President Adams as Chief Justice in 1801.
Term
Aaron Burr
Definition
The Democratic-Republicans wanted him as vice-president;also received 73 votes.
Term
Meriwether Lewis
Definition
A young officer chosen by Jefferson to lead the expedition.
Term
William Clark
Definition
Lewis' old friend; was to select and oversee a volunteer force (Corps of Discovery).
Term
Sacagawea
Definition
A Shoshone woman who could help Lewis and Clark with her skills of language and knowledge of geography.
Term
Zebulon Pike
Definition
Led an expedition in 1806 to find the source of the Arkansas and Red Rivers.
Term
Tecumseh
Definition
Shawnee chief who vowed to stop the loss of Native American land.
Term
James Madison
Definition
Congress had repealed the embargo by the time he came into office. He made a law that U.S. can trade with other countries except France and Britain.
Term
Oliver Hazard Perry
Definition
An experienced officer who won the most important U.S. naval victory, which was in Lake Erie.
Term
Andrew Jackson
Definition
Said that hostilities were necessary "for the protection of our maritime citizens impressed on board British ships of war". Urged Congress to declare war on Britain.
Term
Francis Scott Key
Definition
Expressed his pride in what became known as the U.S. national anthem.
Term
Tie between Burr and Jefferson
Definition
On the 36th ballot, James A. Bayard persuaded several Federalists to vote for Jefferson, and NOT Burr, and Jefferson ended up winning.
Term
Judiciary Act of 1801
Definition
Law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing John Adams to fill most of the new spots with Federalists.
Term
Marbury vs. Madison
Definition
An 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish laws by declaring them unconstitutional
Term
Jefferson's Philosophy
Definition
Term
Louisiana Purchase
Definition
The 1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France, which cost $15 million (3 cents per acre).
Term
Lewis and Clark's Expedition
Definition
A group led by Lewis and Clark who explored the lands of the Louisiana Purchase, beginning in 1803.
Term
Embargo Act of 1807
Definition
Act that stated that American ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports, and it also closed American ports to British ships.
Term
The War of 1812
Definition
Had 2 main phases. Britain concentrated on its war against France from 1812-1814. It devoted little enery to the conflict in North America, although it did send ships to blockade the American coast.
Term
Battle of the Thames
Definition
An American victory over the British in the War of 1812, which ended the British threat to the Northwest Territory.
Term
Treaty of Ghent
Definition
The treaty signed in 1814, which ended the War of 1812; no territory exchanged hands and trade disputes were not resolved.
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