Term
| Augustus Caesar's Accomplishments |
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Definition
- name was Octavian, but he gave himself name Augustus meaning "majestic one"
- rebuilt the city of Rome
- patron of the arts
- proconsuls could no longer exploit the provinces
- publican tax collectors were replaced with permanent government employees
- grain imported from North Africa so all Romans could be fed
- new roads built and old roads repaired
- boasted that he "found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble"
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Term
| Julio-Claudian Emperors (bad emperors) |
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Definition
- 4 of them; each was a member of Augustus's famil
- Tiberis- A.'s adopted son accused many innocent people of treason
- Caligula- became mentally disturbed and killed by palace guard
- Claudius- good scholar, had trouble focusing on affairs of state
- Nero-cruel and insane; killed his wife and mother
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Term
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Definition
- Include: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius
- Good Emperors known for their skills as effective administrators and support of large building projects
- Trajan- increased empire to greatest size
- Hadrian- strenghtened Rome's frontiers-wall
- Pius- prosperity
- Aurelius- greatest economic prosperity
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Term
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Definition
- Augustus chose professional governors rather than letting Senate appoint inexperienced proconsuls every year
- A. built new roads so that he could keep in touch with all parts of empire
- A. personally inspected provinces frequently
- A. served as chief priest of Rome
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Term
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Definition
- needed new laws that would apply to noncitizens
- laws stressed authority of the state over the individual
- accused person should be considered innocent until proven guilty
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Term
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Definition
- A. reduced the number of professional legions and recruited troops from provinces
- Problem was that with only 300,000 troops, they could not defend such a huge border of 4,000 miles
- People began to invade outside of the empire because they did not have protection for all of this land
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Term
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Definition
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period of prosperity or Roman peace
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boosted trade, raised standards of living, and generated many achievements in the arts
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Term
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Definition
- artisans made pottery, woven cloth, blown glass, and jewelry for sale throughout the empire
- silk cloth and spices came from China, India, and Southeast Asian countries
- tin came from Britain, iron from Gaul, and lead from Spain
- TRADE very important
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Term
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Definition
- economic prosperity brought about many changes
- family changed- people had fewer children and were likley to divorce and remarry several times, fathers lost absolute power they had during republic, and women gained legal rights
- society became less stable- lower classes could become wealthy and upper classes could go bankrupt
- majority of Romans still poor, more people did become well off
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Term
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Definition
- poor did not rebel against government because it offered them free bread and free entertainment
- Romans celebrated 130 holidays/year
- chariot races, gladiator fights were some of what entertained people at arenas
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Term
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Definition
- Circus Maximus- arena
- Colosseum- stadium
- Pantheon- temple for all the dieties, first time Romans mixed concrete
- Appian Way- first major Roman road that connected Rome and southeastern Italy
- network of roads to link Rome with provinces
- aqueducts- channel for carrying water
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Term
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Definition
- Romans used discoveries of others and adapted them for their own needs
- used Greek architecture
- used Greek physician Galen's ideas to form basis of Roman medical science
- used Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy's observations to form Roman astronomy
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Term
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Definition
- wealthy boys and girls received private lessons at home
- young men from wealthy families went on to academies to learn geometry, astronomy, philosophy, and oratory
- women did not go to academies but studied at home
- lower classes had basic knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic
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Term
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Definition
- Latin was the common language
- Cicero-speeches
- Ovid- wrote Metamorphoses based on Greek mythology
- Horace- poet wrote about shortness of life and rewards of companionship in Odes
- Virgil- wrote Aeneid, an epic poem
- Livy- wrote history of Rome
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