a. declared tariff of 1828 and 1832 null and void

b. federal officials are prohibited from collecting the tariff in S.C

c. if officials try to collect the tariff then S.C will secede

What were the 3 provisions of the Treaty of 1846? What is this treaty also called?

a. Buchanan-Packingham treaty

1.) divides the oregon territory on the 49th parallel. except for the island of vancouver which all goes to GB

2.) everything south of 49 goes to US

3.) GB gets North of the 49 and Vancouver island

a) Maine comes into the Union as a free state

b) Missouri comes into the Union as a slave state

c) Est.'ed the 36'30m line and that any state above the line will be free (except Missouri) and any state below line will be slave state

a) slave trade is prohibited in Wash. DC (not slavery)

b) Tx gives up claim to New Mex. territory in exchange for $10 mill from Fed. gov't

c) Cali. enters Union as free state

d) Mexican Cession is divided into 2 territories which become New Mex. and Utah territories

e) New Fugitive Slave Laws

   Second National Bank

a.     Democratic Republicans realized that they needed the bank because of the War of 1812 Congress had a lack of funds and paper money became unstable.

b.      State banks did not have place to deposit $ or get loans, becomes a main issue of the election of 1832.

c.     Jackson vetoes the bank and kills it by removing federal $ from the bank and putting it in local “pet banks” 

 Protective Tariff of 1816

a.     After the War of 1812 realized that they needed high tariffs on imports to protect American manufacturing industry.

b.     Sense of nationalism felt this was important for the country as a whole 

Cumberland Road

a.     National road that was built to help tie the nation together.

b.     Started by Jefferson in 1806-1815 with 20 miles completed.

c.     1817-1818 110 miles completed because Congress voted to renew the plan because of War of 1812

a.     Democratic Republicans are the ruling party, and there was no opposing party. There was an absence of open political strife. But under the surface internal sectional strife was growing 

  Rush Bagot Agreement

a.     An agreement between the British and US which said that both sides would disarm the border forces. US was treated as an equal with GB and also shows a mutual understanding between GB and the US.

                                                             i.      Charles Bagot British Foreign Minister

                                                          ii.       Richard Rush Acting sec of st  

   Convention of 1818

a.     Agreement bt US and GB that set the boundary between US/Canada at the 49 degree mark

b.     Also says that Oregon is jointly occupied by Gb and the US

c.     Albert Galantine US Minister to France. Richard Rush   

 Adam’s-Onis Treaty 1819

a.     Purchase of Florida for $5 mill

b.     Also sets up negotiations for the Transcontinental Treaty

George Canning

a.     British Foreign Minister John Quincy Adams about setting up a joint declaration between GB and the US against the European Congress. 

 John Quincy Adams

a.     He was the Sec of state, negotiated the Adams-Onis Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty. One the best secretary of St

b.     Helped form the National Republican Party with Henry Clay.

c.     President of the US from 1824 – 1828. Not a really good president. 

    Henry Clay

a.     Came into politics as a War Hawk.

b.      Helps Adams in the election of 1824, as Speaker of the House. Become Sec. of St under JQA.

c.     Created the American System. 

d.    Co-founder of the National Republican Party.

e.     Hated Andrew Jackson  

     American System 

a.     Proposed by Henry Clay to foster National economic growth and interdependence among the Geographical sections of the US.

b.     West and South should support protective tariffs and a national bank

c.     North should support internal improvement in the West and South

   Tariff of Abominations

a.     AKA Tariff od 1828

b.     High protective tax on imports.

c.     South hated this because protects the Northern manufacturing at the expense of the South. (raised prices on all goods for the South) 

d.    South Carolina Exposition and Protest was writing in response to outrage from the tariff

   Tariff of 1832

a.     Lowered Tariff but not enough to make the south happy

 Ordinance of Nullification

a.     South Carolina Legislature

b.     Declares Tariff of 1828 and 1832 null and void in South Carolina

c.     Federal officials are prohibited from collecting the tariff in SC

d.    If the federal govt tried to collect the tariff SC threatened to secede. 

     Nullification Proclamation

a.     Andrew Jackson said:

b.     No state could nullify laws

c.     No state had the right to leave the Union

d.    Then sent troops to SC to prevent them from not following the law

  Compromise Tariff of 1833

a.     Written by Henry Clay

b.     Reduces the tariff over 10 years

c.     After 10 years no rate would be higher than 20%

d.    Win- win situation for SC and AJ 

   Specie Circular (1836) 

a.     Issued by AJ

b.     Proclaim that govt land had to be paid for with gold or silver

     Independent Treasury Act (1840) 

a.     Established subtreasuries that would receive federal deposits to make the govt independent of State Banks

b.     Repealed in 1841 and re-passed in 1846

    Manifest Destiny

a.     Developed by a magazine as a slogan for Re-annexing Texas

b.     Said that it was US destiny to reach from Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans 

Oregon Trail

a.     2000 mile trail West to Oregon. 1843-1845 American were migrating to Oregon using this trail. Encouraged people to move to Oregon. 

 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) 

a.     Officially ends the Mexican American war 1846-1848

b.     US convinces Mexico to accept Rio Grande as Texas Boundary

c.     Us also gets New Mexico ut to California which is called the Mexican Cession  

d.    US pays 15 million to Mexico

    Mexican Cession

a.     US gives Mexico $15 mill for New Mexico to California (Also Texas)  

a.     When US buys land along Arizona/Pheonix for $10 mill and it completes the present boundary between US and Mexico

b.     Bought to extend the RR to the Pacific.

c.     James Gadsden, minister to Mexico and Franklin Pierce was the president of the time 

  South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) 

a.     Written by John C. Calhoun but was published anonymously

b.     IT was written in response to the Tariff of ABOMINATIONS

                                                             i.      Union is a compact between sovereign states

                                                          ii.      Each state has the right to decide if a federal law is constitutional

                                                       iii.      States have the power to nullify a law if they deem it unconstitutional 

                                                             i.      Written by Henry Clay

b.     Sets a line at the 36’ 30 that limits slavery. Everything Sough of the line is slave state, everything North of the line (except Missouri) is a free state.

c.     Maine would come into the Union as a free state

d.    Missouri comes into the Union as a slave state

     Compromise of 1850

                                                             i.      Written originally written by Henry Clay but revised and present to Congress by Stephen A Douglas

b.     Slave trade was prohibited in Washington DC (ownership allowed just not trade)

c.     California becomes a free states

d.    Texas gives up claim to New Mexico in exchange for $10 mill from the federal govt

e.     Mexican Cession is divided into 2 territories, New Mexico and Utah territories

f.       New Fugitive Slave Law 

  Fugitive Slave Law 1850

a.     Moved fugitive slave disputes from state courts to federal courts

b.     Special US commissioners could issue warrants for Fugitive slaves

c.     Commissioners could deputize people for help with apprehending slaves

d.    Stiff Fines or jail sentences for those who refused to help commissioner or aided fugitive slaves

   Dred Scott Decision 1857

a.     Scotts owner brought him to a free territory so he sued for freedom

b.     Chief Justice Roger B Taney presides, and says that since he is a slave and not a citizen he has no right to sue. Also says that the Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional.

                                                             i.      Used the 5^th Amendment Argument that slaves were property and the Congress had no right to limit where people took theuir property 

    Fort Sumter

a.     Controlled by the Union, South Carolina opens fire on it. 12, April 1861

b.     Fort Sumter is force to surrender to Confederate forces.

c.     Results:

                                                             i.      Causes 4 more south states to secede: VA, NC, TN, AR

                                                          ii.      Helps unite the North to fight with Lincoln

                                                       iii.      South moves their capitol from Montgomery Alabama to Richmond VA

    John Brown

a.     Radical Abolitionist. Believed that the slaves should be freedom even if they must use force to do it.

b.     Leader of a Raid on Harper’s Ferry. Wanted to take ammunition here and give it to slaves so they could fight for their freedom. FAIL!!! Caught by Federal marine troops led by Robert E Lee.

John was caught and hanged

   First Battle of Bull Run

a.     Union attempt to squash the rebellion of the South. Trying to capture Confederate capitol in Richmond VA.

b.     Irvin McDowe leading Union troops to capture Manassas Junction, RR station

c.     PGT Boregaurd, gets confederate reinforcements under Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson. Confederate forces defeat Union forces, and Union retreats  

 C.S.S. Virginia

a.     Confederate Iron Clad ship that was built from the wreckage of the USS Merrimack. Tries to destroy the Union Blockade, but does not succeed. Defeats USS Congress and USS Cumberland, but is stopped by the USS Monitor. Commanded by Franklin Buchanan. 

  U.S.S. Monitor

a.     Commissioned by Gideon Welles who was Sec of Navy. Built by John Erickson it was an Iron Clad ship with only 2 guns. Commanded by John Worden. Stops the CSS Virginia from completely destroying Minnesota, and stops them from breaking the Union blockade.  

 Robert E. Lee

a.     General of the Confederate Troops. Before that he was an American officer, and graduate from West Point. He is a REALLY good commander and the union at first has no general that can compete with him. 

   Ulysses S. Grant

a.     Becomes the Commanding General of the Union troops. Wants to squash confederate forces. 

 Grant tries to attack Vicksburg winter of 1862-confederates cut supply/communication lines. Spring of 1863-Union had captured Memphis. Grant based there, crossed Mississippi and met fleet that had passed Vicksburg, ferries to east side of Mississippi. Grant isolates Vicksburg. Vicksburg endured 6 month siege, surrendered 7/4/1863. Fort Hudson besieged also-falls a few days after Vicksburg.

(9/17/1862). Sharpsburg. "Bloodiest day of the war"-draw-but a victory for union. Turning point in the war. Confederate loss convinces Britain and France that Confederacy will lose, so those countries will not regard the Confederacy as a nation.

July 1-3, 1863. Lee and Meade (having recently replaced Joseph Hooker). Union held the line. Lee tried an assault in the center but was repulsed. Confederates retreated back to Virginia.