• Nixon better known because he was Eisenhowers VP for 8 years. Highly visible VP. Most requested republican speaker in the country.
• Kennedy lacked experience and exposure, Havard education, wealthy family, glamorous young wife. Hansome 43 y/o lacked national prominence and political distiction.
• Turning pt in the election happend during the 1st debate Nixon was weak from a recent illness, sweating, uneasy, and a sinister before the camera. Kennedy projected a cool poise and popularity immediately shot up in the polls.
• A Very close election, Kennedy won

• youngest president
• cabinet reflected youth and "best and brightest minds
  • RObert McNamara, reorganized ford motor, Department of Defense
  • McGeorge Bundy, harvard prof, 2n smartest man known, national security affairs
• Most significant legislation Trade Expansion act of 1962 which led to tariff cuts average of 5% on goods traded between the US and European Economic Community

Under Cheif Justince Earl Warren

• Gideon v. wainwright (1963) the court required that every felony defendant be provided a lawyer regardless of ability to pay
• 1964 Escobedo v illonios, a person accused of a crime must also be allowed to consult a lawyer before interrogated by police
• 1966 Miranda v. Arizona a person accused in police custody be informed of certain basic rights: right to remain silent; the right to know that anything said can be used against the individual in court; the right to have a defense attorney present during the interrogation. Police must follow informing suspects of their legal rights before questioning could begin.

• American Cleargyman activist and prominent leader in the Afro-Amer. civil rights movement.
• A Baptist minister
• Led Motgomery Bus Boycott in 1955
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference, served as its first president
• 1963 led martch on Washington and delivered I have a dream speech
• Youngest person to reciev Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means
• King assassinated on April 4 1968 in Memphis TN
  • Awarded presidentail medal of Freedom, congressional gold medal and MLK day was established in 1986

• Sit-ins and Freedom rides
  • Black college students sat down and demanded service at "whites-only" Service counters at Woolworths lunch counter in Greensboro NC.... the movement spread
  • Black and white "freedom riders" went on buses to test a federal ruling that had banned segregation on buses and trains
• Federal Intervention
  • Afro-Amer activist and white supporters were challenging segregationa nd predudice
  • Police faught back with dogs, tear gas, and fire hoses
• March on Washington
  • 200000 blacks and whites marched down the mall in DC. MLK delivered I have a dream speech

• Castro and Khrshchev requested nuclear missles in cuba to protect the island from future american invasions
• IN a series of secret meetings Kennedy and National security council decided to blockade but would call it a quarentine
• On MOnday oct 22 the president announced the discovery fo the missles in cuba and the US naval quarantine of the island nation
• THe US negotiated a treaty with the societ and british reps to end nuclear testing in the atmosphere Treaty ratified in Sept. 1963

• Ngo Dinh Diem failed to deliver promised social and economic reforms
• On Nov. 1 the insurgent military leader seized the government and murdered Diem.

• Politics and Poverty
  • Johnson took advatage of American's grief and passed the Revenue act of 1964, a tax cut to boost the economy
  • Passed Bill that outlawed racial discriminiation in the registration of voters and hiring of employees
  • "War on pverty" money would come from tax cut and many social programs were added
    • Johnson called for a "Great society" resting on abundance and liberty for all. The Great Society demands an end to poverty and racial injustice.

Johnson vs. Goldwater

• Goldwater a multimillion dollar department store owner
• Major debate was vietnam.
  • Goldwater: "no win" war in vietnam, he urged the wholesale bombin of North vietnam and left the impression of being trigger-happy
  • Johnson: "we are not about to send AMerican boys to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves."
• Johnson won by a landslide 456 to 52 electoral votes

BY 1966 "black power" had become the rally cry of young activists amoung the violence

Most articulate spokesman of black power was Malcolm X, believed christianity was the religion of the white devils, encouraged black culture and black pride.

THe Babyboomers were now adults andin college. Many white students joined the sit-in movement

As criticim of escalating american involvement in vietname mounted more young people grew disillusioned with gov, copr, and authority

By 1960's a full fledged youth revolt erupted across the country

Long hair, blue jeans, tie-died shirts, sandals, mind-altering drugs, rock music and group living aragements were more important than revolutionary ideology or mass protest to the hippies

LSD

Harmony with nature, coexist in harmony and openness

Outdoor rock-music concerts, wodstock 500000 "flower children were there"

Women's rights crusade

Aim ot challenge the cult of domesticity that had been touted as the ideal during the 1950s

book wrote by Betty Friedan,

Book inspired women who felt trapped in domestic rut.

launched female protest on a national level

Inspired by women's right movement other minority groups wanted equal rights

IN 1975 the California Sate legislature passed a bill that required growers to bargain collectively with the elected representatives of the farmworkers

American Indian Movement was founded to promote "red power"

Indian protesters went to federal courts armed with copies of old treaties and demanded that they beome the basis for sestitution. They won in Alaska, Maine, and Massachusetts. WOn significant settlements and compensation that upgraded the standard of living

Burglars were caught breaking into the watergate apartment complex in DC, the Democratic National committee headquarters

Nixon had ordered intelligence agency to spy on his outspoken opponents, open their mail and uncover compromising info.

Nixon approved the cover-up

Gerald Ford became the unelected president.