Prince Henry the Navigator

Search for a passage to India. “Sea route”. Starts ernessed. From Portugal. Wears a shirt made out of horse hair to remind himself of the pain and suffering Jesus did.

“God and Gold”

convert people to Christians. If they’re not Christians, they’re   heathens. Gold becomes more important than god. 

Christopher Columbus

Italian working for Spain. He’s very religious. All about   “God and Gold”. He wants as much gold as possible, but also as much glory as             possible. Believes he’s in India, but he’s really in the Bahamas (West Indies).             Spain becomes wealthiest place on earth because he found gold in the new          world. 

Queen Elizabeth I

rules until 1603. Won’t back down from Spain. She confronts   them and takes them on. Encourages people to go on the high seas. 

John and Sebastian Cabot

England send two brothers to the coast of North America. Founded Newfoundland.

Newfoundland

work way down eastern Canada and America claiming land for       England, to North Carolina. 

Francis Drake

Privateer (pirate). Attempt to create a new colony is the new world.    First attempt was in Newfoundland. 

Walter Raleigh

new colony called Virginia, calls it after his wife. 

Virginia

Roanoke “lost colony”

Jamestown

names after King James. Found in 1607. Problems: money – never      enough money to create a colony and you need to make money. Distance – supplies take a long time to get there and ships many not make it. Settlers – people are looking for money. People work for only themselves. Profit, criminals, and adventure – worst types of people you could get together. After first winter, half of the people die. 

John Smith

living in England, wants to experience war, goes to the Netherlands.    Goes and fights in Turkey, is now a prisoner and is a slave. Falls in love with    the daughter of the house and she helps his escape. Goes to Russia. Pirate for French ship. Goes to Jamestown and whips the town into shape in 1606.

Tobacco

cash crop. Virginia colony finds tobacco in 1612. London Company brings back 2,000 pounds of tobacco in 1615 and 40,000 pounds in 1620. 

Head right Grant

if you go to the new world, we will pay and we will give you 50            acres of river front property and you have to grow tobacco. They get most of the profit, but they will have enough to get wealthy. 

Puritans

people who wanted Christianity to be pure. Criticisms: ceremony, church hierarchy (bishops: spurn of hell, anti Christ), theology (John Calvin: Calvinists, predestination: god already knows if you’re going to heaven when            you’re born). 

Church of England

free will. Puritans leave because of this. 

Predestination

god already knows if you’re going to heaven when you’re born

Separatists – Pilgrims

separate themselves completely from the Church of England. Board the Mayflower and come to the new world. 

Non-separatist

they leave England, but they keep contact with England

Great Migration 

1630-1640. Puritan migration to Massachusetts.

            Massachusetts Bay Company: religious based colony. “Colony of Saints”. Democratic government (closed). Small communities that are farming          communities (attempt to expand). 

Harvard College

Dutch West India Company

1621. Takes investment and sells stocks. Attempting      to set up a trading post. 

Fort Orange

(modern day Albany) New Netherlands. 

New Amsterdam

bought by Peter Minuit for 26 dollars from the Native Americans.        (Modern day Manhattan)

Peter Minuit

bought New Amsterdam for 26 dollars from the Native Americans

Peter Stuyvesant

1650. Intelligent bully. Had one leg. Was consistent. Wasn’t       corrupt. 

Cornelius van Tienhoven

assistant. Womanizer (would bring back prostitutes to   work for him). One of the best leaders in the New Netherlands

New York

New Netherlands.

Negative image of Indians

John Smith describes them as savages and that they are            vicious and are ready to kill the English at any time. He says they’re heathens             because they engage in human sacrifice. They engage in polygamy and have a          lot of sex. They should be feared, but also admired. 

“God’s divine disease”

English are bringing over small pox that Native Americans        have never seen before or experienced. Europeans have grown a resistance             to them. Two families are affected and no one dies, but the disease kills          thousands of Native Americans. 

Pequot War

1637. Puritans united with Narragansett and Mohegan against the     Pequot tribe. 

Battle of Fort Mystic

(massacre) puritans go to the Pequot villages and they kill        everyone including women and children. They eliminated everyone in the             village. The tribes they were united didn’t know whether to stay with the      tribe and get killed, stay and die from disease, or just leave. 

John Eliot

tries to convert Native Americans to Christians. He translates the bible to       Native American language, which is hard because they never write anything         down. Creates praying towns.

“Praying towns”

John Eliot creates these for converted Native Americans to live.            There are 14 of them that coexist with puritan speaking English and they go        to church.

King Philip’s War

Native American leader. Unites Native Americans in New           England. He loses. Puritans eliminate remaining Native Americans and             praying towns. 

Ham, son of Noah

he is cursed because he looked at his father’s naked body. Called        the curse of Ham-servant. He got his skin turned black.

King of Cayor

actively seeks out servants. Turns criminals into servants. 

Middle passage

crossing the Atlantic bringing slaves to America. You need to keep       the “cargo” healthy and you need to stay alive. The slaves are chained             together. Slaves must be kept alive and exercised on deck. Many will try to    commit suicide. 

Anthony Johnson

African who owns another African. 

House of lords

upper legislature.

House of Commons

lower legislature

Colonial governor

house of kings. 

Bellmen and night watch

Footpads

gangs

Rat-baiting

catch live rats. There is a dog in a pit and the dog would kill the rats.   Becomes a form of gambling (how long it takes or which rat would last the longest or the shortest). Was considered a blood sport.     

Increase Mather

2^nd most important pastor in Boston after John Winthrop.          Greatest religious minds. 

Cotton Mather

sickly child – weak and stuck in the house. Very intelligent – reads       all the time. Goes to Harvard at the age of 12 (normal age is 15 or 16).             Becomes most important pastor of his time. 500 publications.  Father is          Increase Mather. 

Mount Whoredom

there is a lot of prostitution here. 

Cressy Mather

prostitute says that he is the father of her child. Son of Cotton Mather.     

Brattle Street Church

Solomon Stoddard. Says that anyone and everyone could be     apart of this church. 

Yale College

the Mather family leaves Harvard to start their own school and they   call it Yale. Yale is only used for teaching religion. 

Deism

believe in god, the universe is a clock and god runs the clock. This is the         heart of enlightenment. 

George Whitefield

6 crusades

Jonathan Edwards

“sinners in the hands of an angry god”

Phoebe Bartlett

4 year old girl. Goes into closet to pray to god and comes out and         says that god came to her. Becomes proof that god is involves in day-to-day             lives.

Charles Chauncy

old lights. Traditional Christian values. 

New lights

following the great awakening. Led by Jonathon Edwards

Congregationalist Church

created by the new lights

Old lights

old puritans (older ideas). Traditional Christian views. Led by Charles            Chauncy. 

Unitarian Church

created by the old lights. 

New France

modern Canada. 12,000 people living there. Very dispersed. Forts in   the west. Wilderness. 

King William’s War

1^st war in America. 

Queen Anne’s War

French have allied with the Native Americans. 

Deerfield raid

February: march from Montreal to Massachusetts. 50 killed, 111         POWS. Reverend John Williams.  

John Williams

lost some family initially. Wife and baby POW then killed

Eunice Williams

John Williams’s daughter. Converts to Catholic. Married Native American. 

War of Jenkins’s Ear

Captain in navy Robert Jenkins (British). Sailed to Spanish FL   and smuggle in and out. Cuts off ear and gives it to him. Britain declares war on Spain. France jumps in. 

Captain Robert Jenkins

captain in the navy. Sails to Spanish FL. Smuggles in and            out. Cuts off ear and gives it to him. 

French and Indian War

referred to in colonies. 1754: Ft. Duquesne (modern day           Pittsburg). 1,650 British soldiers led by Washington. 1,000 wounded or             killed. Only 60 French casualties. 

Seven Year’s War

1754 – 1760. 1^st world war, not like WWI where every country is        included, but war fought everywhere that there are British and French

General James Wolfe

"red headed mole”. Incredibly intelligent, strategic and   brave. Always sick. Momma’s boy. “Cut off the head, and the body will die”. 

Plains of Abraham

control of New France from Quebec. Defeat France everywhere. 

British control east of Mississippi River and north of the Gulf    of Mexico (all of the continent except Florida).

What ship allowed modern sailors to experience what it was like to sail on the Mayflower? In 1605, what Frenchman began to explore Cape Cod?

Mayflower II; John Smith

What heavily wooded island provided shelter from India attack for the Mayflower settlers?

Clarks Island

What was the Indian Samoset carrying when he met the settlers on March 16?

A bow and 2 arrows

What did the Indians use the dead herring for?

Fertilizer for corn

What ship arrived and nearly doubled Plymouth’s population at the end of November? 

The fortune

The new settlement to the north, Wessagussett, resembled what other colony? 

The pilgrims

Who was the Wessagussett settlement leader? 

Standish came down with a fever so Bradford took his place

In 1635, who founded Rhode Island? 

Roger Williams

Who fled Rhode Island?

Roger Williams

What eased the requirements for membership in Massachusetts Bay church? 

By 1660, a group of ministers instituted the halfway covenant. It boosted the number of communicants. Be the Plymouth church didn’t adopt this halfway covenant.

The Indian Tobias was found guilty of what in 1675?

The murder John Sassaman

Phillip was sachem of?

Mounte Hope

The war with Phillip started with an attack on what town?

Northampton

Who wrote The Sovereignty and Goodness of God? 

Mary White Rowlandson

Who killed Phillip? 

The English people and Indians

In 2002, how many estimated descendants of the Mayflower were there? 

35 million