march 3, 1865

support for freed slaves + refugees

medical care, schools, courts run by blacks

first attempt at social welfare

new form of slavery

control marraige, property ownership, labor

no drinking or jury duty

must be employed, non employed at risk for arrest + contracting to white farmer

caused uproar in north- repubs fight back with civil rights act of 1866 + 14th amendment (born in US=citizen, due process)

"unreconstruced states" placed under military commanders

blacks must be allowed to vote

southern congressmen not allowed back until ratified 14th amendment

Grant- moderate republican

prohibits gov't denying right to vote on race,color, or previous servitude

equal rights meant diff things in north + south

marked end of reconstruction

spurred domestic terrorism, enforcement acts to combat kKK

grant

prohibited segregation in public places, not schools

some schools still segregated in the north

deemed unconstitutional-1883- congress cannot dictate conduct of individuals

homer plessy- boarded train when hes 1/8th black, violated seperate cars for blacks + whites (1881)

upholds seperate but equal practices

forces

allowed to discriminate

forces of federal law can extend to state, not individuals

upheld till 1954- brown v board of education

ceaseless agitation for civil rights

broad education is essential,- nurture bold leaders who could take on political machine

debated w/ washington- said he was accomodating segregation, social justice vs. economic advancements

first time monopolies dominated

carnegie-poor scotsman, vertically-oriented steel company, 1890s dominated industry

rockefeller- horizontal oil integration, donated $$ to education, medicine

morgan- steel + railroad capital + mergers, G.E., 1st billion$$ company

all excersized power w/o gov't checks and balances, undermined political force

defended, social darwinism

liberty + monopoly cannot live together

labor activist, founding member of socialist party

ran for prez. 5 times

jailed for labor organizing, violating espionage act (wwI)

fouding member of IWW

believed industry adversely affected democratic tradition

beginning of progressive movement

both parties wanted to combat monopolies + cartels

vaguely worded, broad, rarely enforced until teddy roosevelt's presidency, modifications

populist- "the great commoner"

democratic candidate for prez in 1896+1900, defeated by mckinley

defended silver system, trust busting, anti-imperialism

supported prohibition, intense christian, against darwinism

prosecuted in scopes trial

began as farmer's alliance in 1870s

union of farmers who felt attacked by banks, freight rates, fiscal policies, high interest rates on loans

known as "people's party"

expressed jeffersonian view of america

advocated: direct elections, gov't control of currency, progressive income tax, low-cost public financing, public ownership of railroads, right to form unions

fought for free silver

gave US right to enter cuba

no other power could incorporate cuba into sphere of influence

cuba could not become indebted to other power

US able to station troops

march 25, 1911

mostly female, jewish+italian immigrants

fire breaks out, first floor collapses, women locked inside, 146 die

great impact on public conscious, leads to passing legislation for workplace regulation

spurred International Ladies Garment Manufacturing Union

social critics/journalists who brought ills of society to light

willing to risk safety to expose corruption

weekly magazines made more accessible to public

upton sinclair-"the jungle"-plight of working class, exposed corrupt bosses, unsanitary conditions, city politician corruption of Chicago meat factories

led to roosevelt passing pure food+drug act, meat inspection act

safe houses for poor urban women

vocation + literacy training

hull house-chicago-jane addams

elite need to take social responsibility

citizenship classes

150000 miners walk out

wanted pay, increase, less hours, recognition of union

roosevelt stepped in as negotiatior, helped labor achieve demands

pushed for greater gov't control

fought in cuba during spanish-american war- rough riders

was mckinley's VP when he was assasinated, youngest ever to enter office-42

main goal of presidency=steward of public welfare- Noblisse Oblige

"square deal"-both sides win, food+drug act, wildlife conservation,meat inspection act

dep't of commerce and labor acted as corporate watchdog

hepburn act- cap on railroad frieight rates

"big stick" policy, US reserves right to intervene in foreign affairs to maintain stability 

helped china in boxer rebellion, russo-japanese war, wins nobel peace prize

did not have total republican support, very progressive

didnt rely on support of congress

income+inheritance tax impede his progresiveness

teddy roosevelt's political philosophy of 1912 election

influenced by "promise of american life" by herbert croly

human welfare v. property rights

executive agencies should regulate business

new freedom

split in republican party led to wilson's victory

less of a reformer, still carried out progressive agenda, campaigned as trust buster

1st southern dem since civil war

simmons tariff act- taxed richest 5%

federal reserve act- new banking system-centralized, gave feds more control, less privatized

federal trade comission

clayton anti-trust act

keaton-owen child labor act

progressive amendments- 17th, 18th, 19th

world war I- main goal to expand american influence

mexican revolution

collective security-diplomacy to help maintain world peace

opposed annexation of phillipeans on economic, moral, legal grounds

socialist movement, endorsed WJB

wilson's 14 points

diplomacy > secret treaties

free trade

free seas

self-determination=every group has right to choose gov't

league of nations- collective security would ensure international stability

no 15th point for racial equality

get rid of ills of society

bootleggers get rich

repealed in 30s

nativism

belief that pure americans only understand greatness of gov't

backlash against immigrants

segwayed to revival of KKK

italian immigrants, arrested for stealing $$16thou

anarchists, received backlash of nativism

judge in case openly prejudice, found guilty+sentenced to death-1927