Term
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Definition
| ww2 Those urging the nation to stay out of overseas conflicts |
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Term
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Definition
| ww2 those advocating direct engagement in overseas conflict |
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Term
fascist state
-when
-what
-who |
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Definition
a type of dictatorial regime that arose in 1930s in Germany, Italy, and Spain that glorified the state over the individual
-created grounds for Nazism to flourish |
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Term
Neutrality Acts
-when
-what
-who supported |
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Definition
a series of laws from 1935 to 1939 that restricted arms sales, loans, and transport goods with nations at war to keep neutrality
-FDR supported |
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Term
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Definition
| a policy that required belligerent (waged war conflict) nations to pay cash for goods and transport them on their own ships due to the neutrality act |
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Term
munich conference
-cause
-who was involved
-what was decided |
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Definition
-by 1930a Europeans believed the treaty of Versailles Peace Treaty punished Germany to well and resulted in his bad actions.
hoping to avoid war, Britin and France agreed to let Germany occupy the Sudetenlan, a German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia |
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Term
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Definition
| Name for nations fighting the Allies, including Germany, Italy, Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| name for powers fighting germany, eventually including the US, Britin, France, and the Soviet Union |
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Term
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Definition
| A 1941 policy that circumvented "cash and carry" by loaning rather than selling arms to the Allies |
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Term
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Definition
A US naval base in Hawaii that the Japanese attacked on Dec. 7 1941
-pushed America into ww2 |
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Term
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Definition
camps held in the US that held people of japanese descent under armed guard in isolated areas
-after Pearl Harbor Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans were targeted as a threat |
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Term
double-victory campaige
-cause |
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Definition
-war provided blacks more opportunities to assert their claims to equal rights
civil rights call for victory against both fascism [dictoral gov] overseas and racial prejudice at home |
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Term
cold war
-cause
-resulted in.. |
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Definition
| a full-scale ideological and military conflict between the US and the soviet union and their allies that led to several hot wars around the globe, although the Americans and soviets, fearful of a nuclear showdown, never fought each other directly |
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Term
"long telegram"
-caused by
-who
-description
-reasons (4) |
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Definition
-occurred after Stalin gave a belligerent speech predicting the inevitable triumph of communism over capitalism
-An influential five-thousand letter by diplomat George F. Kennan that outlined why America needed to develop an aggressive foreign policy aimed at containing Soviet expansionist impulses
-Stalin needed an enemy to distract his people from his own dictatorship, he believed capitalistic societies would collapse, and that America needed to make capitalism look good to impoverished people, and contain the soviet union |
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Term
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Definition
| American foreign policy initiatives meant to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding its influence around the globe |
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Term
iron curtain
-who
-thesis
-criticism (2) |
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Definition
Churchill's characterization of the military and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union that separated Western and Eastern Europe into free and unfree halves, stated that they wanted strength power and a strong military
-newspapers though he was too harsh
-Stalin accused him of provoking war |
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Term
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
-definition
-effect |
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Definition
A post WW2 military alliance between the US and Western European powers
-along with the marshall plan and Truman doctrine, strengthened the new American foreign policy to contain soviet union |
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Term
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Definition
| A Foreign policy initiative that gave the US an active role in stopping the global spread of communism by supporting "free people who were resisting attempted control by armed minorities or by outside pressures" |
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Term
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Definition
| 1948-1952 aimed to restore Europeans' faith in capitalism by sending $13 billion (19 billion today) overseas to rebuild Europe's ruined roads, bridges, factories, and farms |
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Term
Berlin airlift
-when
-result |
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Definition
1948-1949: American and Britian used planes to resupply west berlin to hinder the soviet blockade of the city
-democratic victory |
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Term
Korean war
-dates
-outcome
-background (4 points)
-effect |
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Definition
1950-1953: the US fought Communists North Koreans and Chinese to a stalemate (no winners), frustrating Americans who had to learn to accept only a partial victory
-after WW2 Korea was divided, soviet union controlled the north and AMerican controlled the south.
-north invaded the south
-members of the United nations were put under US command and Chinese communists allied with the north korea
-war pushed back and forth from north the south and ended basically right where they started at a tie
-the war's unpopularity played an important role in the victory of president Eisenhower as he said he would end the war |
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Term
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Definition
| the deadly pollution that descends through the air after a nuclear bomb explosion |
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Term
2nd red scarce
-definition (how long it lasted)
-cause |
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Definition
widespread effort to root out Communist spies after WW2 that lasted for nearly a decade
-after the fall of china to communism and soviets creating an atomic bomb, US government believed there were communist spies in America |
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Term
Hollywood blacklist
-definition
-cause |
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Definition
a list of individuals with suspected past or present communist ties whom film studios refused to hire
-due to HUAC investigations in Hollywood, claiming that films advocated communism and careers were ruined. |
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Term
McCarthyism
-definition
-named for/from
-help
-result |
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Definition
| the government's anti-communist crusade named for Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin, who, along with the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), spearheaded numerous governmental investigations into communist activities, many of them spurious |
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Term
Bay of Pigs operation
-1961
-plan/goal |
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Definition
| 1961: failed attempt to use an amphibious invasion by Cuban exiles to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro |
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Term
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Definition
| 1962: a showdown between the US and the Soviet Union over Khrushchev's decision to place Soviet missiles in Communist Cuba aimed at America |
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Term
Taft-Hartley Act
-date
-3 parts |
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Definition
1947: Law that abolished:
-the closed shop the practice where all workers who benefitted from a union-negotiated contract has to join one banned
-sympathy boycotts which were strikes by workers who wanted to support another unions protest
-required that all union officers sign affidavits certifying that they were not members of the Communist Party |
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Term
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Definition
| Truman's proposal for national health care, public housing, education, and public works project |
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Term
military-industrial complex
-whos term, definitions
-about it |
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Definition
Eisenhower's term for the close ties between the military and government departments that might influence government policy
-Truman urged Americans to closely monitor this relationship so it doesn't endanger liberties and democratic processes |
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Term
Levittowns
-definition
-result |
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Definition
planned suburban communities where developers standardized every part of the construction process
-were able to build houses quickly which made the price go down. Combined with the governments backed financing, home ownership became accessible to millions of Americans |
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Term
baby boom generation
-definition
-cause (2)
-effect |
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Definition
-the 76.4 million Americans born between 1946-1964
-after the depression couples were more prepared and encouraged to have kids, and the move to the suburbs promoted this
-shaped American society for decades to come |
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Term
kennedy and Nixon debate
-definition
-importance
-new tactic |
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Definition
first televised presidential election debate in 1960 watched by nearly 77 million americans, 60% OF ADULT POPULTION
-importance of image--kennedy looked better |
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Term
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Definition
| members of the bohemian communities of poets, novelists, and artists that flourished in New York's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's North Beach and who rejected middle-class suburban values |
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Term
| Brown v Board of Education |
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Definition
| 1954: supreme court decision that segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment |
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Term
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Definition
| A year-long bus boycott that brought a new leader, Martin Luther King Jr., and a new strategy of nonviolent protest to the forefront of the civil rights movement |
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Term
| southern Christian leadership conference (SCLC) |
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Definition
| Civil rights organization founded by Martin Luther King Jr. that used black churches to devise a new nonviolent strategy of direct action |
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Term
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Definition
| nine black teenagers who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957 and became the focus of a national crisis that required the intervention of federal troops to resolve |
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Term
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Definition
| nonviolent demonstrations where civil rights protesters employed the tactic of civil disobedience to occupy seats at whites-only lunch counters |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy of nonviolence used by demonstrators to protest a law or a policy considered unjust, breaking the law in a peaceful way to demonstrate laws that were unjust |
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Term
| student nonviolent coordinating committee (SNCC) |
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Definition
| student-run civil rights organization founded in 1960 |
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Term
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Definition
| The term initially used to describe all Vietnamese communists, and used after 1954 solely for North Vietnamese communists |
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Term
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Definition
term founded by truman and eisehowers administration.
the fear that a communist Vietnam would open the door to a complete communist takeover of Southeast Asia |
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Term
Geneva Accords
-cause
-summary
-result |
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Definition
1954: After Vietnams victory over the French
called for a temporary division of Vietnam along the seventheenth parallel, with the Vietmihn in the north and the French on the south, and a general election in 2 years to reunify the country under one government
-Eisenhower refused to sign, instead spend two years easing French out of Vietnam and building government capable of resisting communist aggression |
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Term
southeast Asian treaty organization (SEATO)
(8) |
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Definition
| 1954: alliance among the US, Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan who pledged to "meet common danger" in SOutheat Asia together |
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Term
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Definition
| Slang term for South Vietnamese communists |
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Term
gulf of Tonkin resolution (1964)
-cause
-result |
|
Definition
-Vietnamese attacked US boat in the Guld of Tonkin
-Gave Johnson permission "to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression" in Vietnam |
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Term
Ho Chi Minh Trail
-definition |
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Definition
-A 600-mile North Vietnamese supply route that ran along the western border of Vietnam through neighboring Laos and Cambodia
-Gulf of Tonkin resolution gave permission for American military to bomb, planes targeted this trail |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical that stripped trees of their leaves to expose Vietcong hideouts and killed crops, used by Americans during the bombing campaign of VIetnam |
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Term
Peace Movement
-definition
-people involved (7) |
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Definition
| A loose coalition of antiwar activists that included pacifists, students, professors, clergy, hippies, civil rights activists, and middle-class liberals |
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Term
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Definition
-1968 A massive, coordinated North Vietnamese Communist assault against more than a hundred cities and towns in South Vietnam
-Americans eventually won, but the battle was televised and the American public developed an anti-war movement |
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Term
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Definition
| A Vietnamese village where American soldiers massacred five hundred civilians in 1968 |
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Term
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Definition
A Nixon administration policy that turned the bulk of the ground fighting over to the South Vietnamese Army
-an attempt to remove American troops and withdraw from the war |
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Term
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Definition
| Nixon's term for the large number of Americans who supported the war quietly in the privacy of their homes |
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Term
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Definition
| Relaxing Cold War tensions by using deplomatic, economic, and cultural contacts to improve U.S. relations with China and the Soviet Union |
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Term
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Definition
| 1972: A botched Republican-engineered break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington, D.C. that eventually forced Nixon to resign in 1974 |
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Term
New frontier
-who
-goals (3)
-purpose |
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Definition
| Kennedy’s legislative program that proposed raising the minimum wage, reducing overcrowding in schools, and providing health care for the elderly. He wanted to reinvigorate the liberal agenda through this program. |
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Term
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Definition
| a government agency that President Kennedy established to send recent college graduates to work on humanitarian projects overseas in developing nations |
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Term
warren court
-what is it
-historical significance
-specialized in
-critics |
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Definition
-the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, which brought about a legal revolution in the U.S. -permanently altering American schools, politics, the criminal justice system, and cultural norms.
-the right to privacy and also
-freedom of speech.
-Conservatives in both parties viewed it as an activist court that rewrote the constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| Johnson's wide-ranging social welfare reforms intended to make the amenities of modern life available to all Americans. Was LBJ's party campaign for the election of 1964 |
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Term
Alcatraz Proclamation
-what was it
-points (5) |
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Definition
| Sardonic statement issued by Indian activist who occupied the island of Alcatraz and described it as the perfect site for an Indian reservation because it lacked running water, sanitation, schools, mineral resources, and productive soil. |
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Term
| National Organization for Women (NOW) |
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Definition
| An organization dedicated to securing equal rights for women in employment, education, and politics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Militant civil rights group dedicated to armed self-defense, racial pride, and inner-city renewal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A call for blacks to unite politically an economically in black-only organizations to protect their racial identity as they fought for equality. |
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Term
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Definition
| African American sect that rejected integration as the path to salvation for the black community and instead wanted to establish a separate black nation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Youthful social rebels who renounced material acquisition and used drugs to explore their inner spiritual selves. |
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Term
new left
-what is this
-what they did (3) |
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Definition
-A small, but highly visible, coalition of left-leaning student-based organizations
-attacked racial discrimination, poverty, and the war in Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legislation that prohibited literacy tests and poll taxes, plus authorized the used of federal registrars to register voters if states failed to respect the Fifteenth Amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legislation that banned segregation in businesses and places open to the public (such as restaurants and public schools) and prohibited racial and gender discrimination in employment. |
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Term
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Definition
| attack on white supremacy in Mississippi that included a voter registration drive and the creation of Freedom Schools. |
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Term
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Definition
| Massive demonstration in the nation's capital that demanded passage of a federal civil rights act and more economic opportunites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Civil rights effort to desegregate Birmingham, Alabama, where shocking images of police brutality prompted Kennedy to push for a federal civil rights act. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interstate bus journey by black and white activists who entered segregated bus facilities together throughout the South. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A 1969 battle between patrons of a Greenwich Village male gay bar and police that became the catalyst for the gay rights movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Referendum in California that dramatically reduced property taxes, spearheading grassroots tax rebellion nationwide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of right-wing Christian groups that defended traditional values and supported conservative political causes. |
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Term
| Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) |
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Definition
| An international combination of organizations of oil-producing nations that regulated the price and quantity of oil exported to the world market |
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Term
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Definition
| Decaying industrial cities in the Midwest, places plagued with high unemployment, crumbling roads, bankrupt governments, and high welfare rolls |
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Term
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Definition
| An episode of presidential criminal wrongdoing that created a constitutional crisis and brought an end to Nixon's political career |
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Term
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Definition
| The first treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States that limited the deployment of intercontinental and submarine-launched ballistic missiles and the creation of missile-defense systems |
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Term
| Mutually Assured Destruction |
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Definition
| The claim that the guarantee of a devastating nuclear counter-attack would deter the United States and Soviet Union from ever employing their nuclear arsenals |
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Term
| Camp David Accords (1978) |
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Definition
| Israel agreed to give the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt; in return Egypt became the first Arab state to recognize Israel's right to exist |
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Term
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Definition
| Defining event in Carter's presidency as Iranian revolutionaries held fifty-two Americans captive for 444 days |
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Term
| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) |
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Definition
| A proposed constitutional amendment, which stated that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex" |
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Term
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Definition
| Reagan administration theory that letting entrepreneurs keep more of their profits would fuel economic growth, job creation, and more tax revenue to offset military spending |
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Term
| Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) |
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Definition
| Reagan's proposal to build a missile shield that used lasers from space satellites to destroy incoming missiles |
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Term
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Definition
| A law-breaking scheme, Reagan administration sold arms to Iran to secure the hostages' release and used the proceeds to support anti-Communists in Nicaragua |
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Term
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987)
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987) |
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Definition
| Approved the destruction of all U.S. and Soviet intermediate-range missiles in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| Mexican Americans who wore over-sized suits |
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Term
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Definition
| Secret US wartime project during ww2 to develop atomic bomb |
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