Term
1. Who REALLY first discovered America?
2. How did the Natives come to America? Why?
3. When was Agriculture invented in America and by whom?
4. What did the Native gather? |
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Definition
1. The Natives (23,000-8,000 BC)
2. Because of a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska. They could have been following animals. Age of this migration gets pushed back to 50,000 years.
3. The Women
4. Seeds, nuts, berries, wild grains, fruits and vegetables. |
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Term
1. When/where were the first moundbuilders found?
2. What did we find in the EARLY mounds? What does it suggest?
3. What did the Woodlands people use their mounds for?
4. What was found in the burial mounds? |
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Definition
1.Earliest sights are in Louisiana from the 3400 BC-1600 BC.
2.Early mounds are filled with: stone tools, beads, animal figures, and copper: All suggesting trade.
3.Territorial Markers and Trading Posts and Astronomy.
4. Rich People and their prized possessions. |
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Term
1. What are the three names of the different groups of Indians we learned about?
2.What was Cahokia. What was there? What happened there?
3. Why was the Chief/King on top of Monk’s Mound?
4. Are Moundbuilders considered a civilization? Why or Why not? |
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Definition
1.Woodlands People, Mississippians, Pre-Columbians.
2.Place Near St. Louis. Monks Mound.
3. For Protections, To be closer to the gods, Serve Community.
4.No because they had no written Language (Historians) They had no large specific classes (Anthropologists) |
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Term
1. Why did Columbus go to America?
2. Who sponsored Columbus?
3. Where did Columbus think he was when he landed in the Bahamas?
4. Where did the name “Native American” come from?
5. What and Why did something happen to the 39 Spaniards left in the Bahamas? |
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Definition
1. To get spices
2. Queen Isabella- convert world to Christianity
3.West Indies
4.Thought he was in India and called the Natives “Indians”
5.They were killed. They didn't treat the Indians very well. |
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Term
1. What were the two main conflicts of the two cultures?
2. Compare and Contrast both Religions.
3. How did each religion get closer to the spirits or God? |
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Definition
1. Religion and Individual Ownership
2-3.Natives= Polytheistic & Animists
Anima = Spirits
Dances, chants, songs, trances, drumming
Young Men went on vision quests
Was called devil worship by the Europeans
Europeans= Christians (Catholic and Protestant)
Ceremonies were quiet and respectful, read from Bible, sermons and professions of faith, sang hymns |
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Term
1. What were the three main differences between the Natives and the Europeans?
2. How did ownership of property work in the two cultures?
3. What was the distribution of land? |
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Definition
1. Religion, Land, Gender Roles
2.Natives:
Women owned all the person property of the family.
Women also determined the family line.
Children were her’s and the husband came to live with her family.
Europeans:
Men believed it was cruel for women to do all the heavy lifting.
Men owned everything.
3.Spain: Most of the Caribbean Islands, Florida, Mexico, Central America, all of Latin America (except Brazil), parts of California and Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado.
France: Southern Canada, The Great Lakes region, Wisconsin, Illinois, West NY and PA, the area around the Mississippi river, New Orleans, Biloxi (Mississippi) and Mobile (Alabama)
England: 13 colonies, some Caribbean islands, North Canada around the Hudson Bay. |
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Term
1. What is a Joint Stock Company?
2. Who discovered Tobacco?
3.Why did all the colonists die? |
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Definition
1. a precursor to the modern day company
2.John Rolfe
3.The settled in a swamp |
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Term
1. Name the three break offs from the Catholic Church and WHY!
2. WHY did the Puritans come to America?
3. What were the do’s and don’t of the Puritans?
4. Who were the two people who opposed the Puritans and why. |
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Definition
1.Martin Luther was 1st
Lutheran Church
King Henry was 8th
Church of England (Anglican Church)
King was the “Pope”
Puritans thought it was too Catholic
John Calvin
Calvinist Church in Geneva Switzerland
Spread through Scotland and England
2.Puritans wanted to create a perfect moral and ideal model community.
3.NO: Dancing, Fancy dress, games, non-church music, Adultery, begging, laziness, swearing, slander, FUN!
MUST:
be at church on Sunday, children obey parents.
4.Roger Williams
Opposed mandatory church attendance
Called for the true freedom of religion
Went back to England to ask for charter for his new colony
Was the first of the 13 colonies to declare freedom of religion
Anne Hutchinson
Opposed how unequal women and men’s rights were |
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Term
1.What are two things that led to the American Revolution?
2.Boston “massacre?”
3.Who is Pontiac? |
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Definition
1.Geographic Considerations and Colonial Legislatures
2. British soldiers fired. 5 killed, 6 wounded, the first killed was Crispus Atticks {a free black}
3.chief of the Ottawa tribe led rebellion against British |
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Term
| What's the difference between long term and immediate causes? |
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Definition
Immediate causes occur within 20-25 years before the event.
Long term causes occur before Immediate causes. |
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Term
1.What were the long term and immediate causes of the American Revolution?
2.Why was the French and Indian war an immediate cause of the Revolution? |
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Definition
1. Population and Economic Growth
2.Thought as the first world war (there were Six Britain vs Indian war) |
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Term
| What was the Sugar Act of 1764? |
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Definition
placed customs duties on incoming foreign cloth, sugar, wine and coffee.
Customs duty is a % of the value of the imported items
Were avoided by smuggling and boycotting. |
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Term
1.What was the Stamp act of 1755
2.What were some of the Protests? |
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Definition
1.Colonists had to purchase stamps with certain coins from a stamp collector.
Placed Stamps on all legal documents
2.Virginia Resolves
passed by the Virginia Assembly
formed by Patrick Henry
No Taxation without Representation!
Mobs in Boston
Lead by the sons of liberty
Sam Adams
Attacked and destroyed stamp offices and the collector’s homes
Massachusetts Assembly Called for an all colony Congress in NY
9 Colonies sent 37
Wanted Repeals on the Sugar and Stamp Acts |
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Term
1. What were the Townshend Acts?
2.What did it cause? |
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Definition
1.1767 Parliament created duties on
Paint, Lead, Glass, Paper, Tea.
2.Massachusetts Assembly wrote letters of protest to King George he told them to rescind (take back) their letters.
The Boston mob pinned notes on “The Liberty Tree” to threaten customs officials and merchants who paid the duties.
Additional English troops were sent to Boston.
Boycotting extended into more colonies. |
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Term
1.What was the Boston Tea Party?
2.What were results of the Boston Tea Party? |
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Definition
1.(1773) Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and dumped $1 million worth of tea into the Boston Harbor.
The British had given the East India Tea Company a monopoly to sell all tea in the colonies.
Colonists hated such restrictions on their economy and hated monopolies that put other businessmen out of business.
2.Parliament passed the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) in 1774.
Boston Harbor was shut down until the tea was paid for.
General Gage became governor of the colony.
Town meetings were restricted.
Soldiers were quartered in private homes. |
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Term
1. Who was the commander of the army?
2. What were the three advantages that the Americans have. |
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Definition
1. George Washington
2.Territorial Advantages, Alliances with France, Guerrilla Warfare |
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Term
BATTLE OF SARATOGA 1777
1. What was Britain's plan?
2. How did the War end? |
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Definition
1.Send 3 officers to meet in Albany and cut off New England from the rest of the Colonies. (General Burgoyne (Gentleman Jonny),Howe, St. Leger)
2.Britain took it’s army and ships south
There were more loyalists there
Britain alienated those loyalists by promising to free slaves who fought for them.
The British also made random attacks on plantations and some atrocities in small towns.
Ex: Burning a church with all a town’s inhabitants in it. |
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Term
| WHY DID AMERICA CREATE A NEW CONSTITUTION & FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN 1787? AKA: ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION |
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Definition
The only National Government from 1775-1781 was the 2nd continental congress
In 1777 the Articles of Confederation were passed.
Not all the states agreed to join the confederation until 1781. |
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Term
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Definition
| A confederation is a loose union of independent, all powerful states. |
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Term
| What were the weaknesses of the Confederation? |
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Definition
loose Union of all powerful state.
could not raise taxes or military- had to beg states
Trade with Britain collapsed and economy became bad. Britain had a falling out with America.
Many farmers became in debt and borrowed from rich creditors. |
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Term
| WHAT WAS SHAYS’S REBELLION AND WHY DID IT PROMPT MANY PATRIOTS TO WANT A NEW CONSTITUTION? |
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Definition
1786-87 Shays lead rebellion of indebted farmers in Western Massachusetts.
Wanted court stays
extension
Wealthy Boston creditors funded an army of 2-4,000 to destroy them during a blizzard.
Two rebels were hung and the rest escaped to Vermont.
Caused other creditors to feel nervous and want their debts repaid. |
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Term
1. What type of people were at the Convention of 1787?
2. Who was NOT at the Convention? |
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Definition
Washington, Hamilton, and Madison pushed for new government.
Jeff Adams was not at the convention of 1787 along with Patrick Henry |
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Term
| What three things did everyone agree on? |
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Definition
| Create a Republic, Separation of powers, No nobility in America |
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Term
| What were the 3 Compromises and what did they do? |
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Definition
The Great Compromise:
how would the various states be represented in Congress?
James Madison: Virginia Plan (POPULATION)
Delaware hated it and threatened to walk out.
Caused Mass, NY, VA, and PA to have most power.
New Jersey Plan: EQUAL
Larger states hated it
2 houses
CONNECTICUT PLAN
2 Houses
The House of Reps
1 rep per 30,000 people
Senate
2 reps per state |
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Term
| How is the Executive elected? |
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Definition
electoral votes: Winner take all
No term limits
States would decide how they voted and who could be an elector.
2nd runner up became the vice president. |
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Term
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Definition
Pro Constitution
Washington, Madison, Franklin, Hamilton, and John Jay of NY |
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Term
| Who were Anti- Federalists? |
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Definition
Anti- Constitution
George Mason, Lee Family, Patrick Henry, George Clinton. |
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