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| A worker, typically a laborer or tradesman, under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities. Unlike slaves, an indentured servant was required to work only for a limited term specified in a signed contract. |
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| Types of Slave labor systems |
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Gang system-Work as hard as possible, sun up to sun down. "slave labor" become blacksmith. More brutal than task system.
Task System- Ex: Clear 3 acres land 1st day, that's your quota for the rest of the times. If you finish, you have freetime. More autonomy. |
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Contained anti-slavery members of whig and democratic party.
They are antislavery and they want free soil. |
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U.S. population and land grew by 1850. Americans viewed the growth as proof of U.S. goodness.
The belief of the U.S. to overspread and to posses the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty.
created problems for indians. |
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Temperance- Whigs wanted temperance. 15 gallon law in Massachusetts. Democrats also worried but warned that gov intrusion into areas of private choice would violate republican ideals. it becomes defining political different for many.. wedge issue for whigs and democrats.
asylums and prisons- whigs favored rehab. democrats favored isolation and punishment. few democrats favored insane asylums.
family roles and education-whigs wanted statelevel centralization. democrats preferred local school districts.
women's rights- |
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began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen former British colonies in North America, and concluded in a global war between several European great powers.
George Washington became president because he led the U.S. to victory.
Result-Treaty Of Paris |
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1824 election- He thought he had won because he had popular vote, but he didn't. henry clay was going to give his votes if he becomes his secretary, but jackson didn't want them. clay gave the votes to john quincy adams instead.. so he becomes president.
jackson wins the 1828 election 1v1 with adams. |
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Street violence.
a secret organization of American patriots that originated in the pre-independence British North American colonies. British authorities and their supporters, known as Loyalists, considered the Sons of Liberty as seditious rebels, referring to them as "Sons of Violence" and "Sons of Iniquity."
The Sons of Liberty took direct action to enforce their opposition to the Tea Act at the Boston Tea Party. Members of the group, wearing disguises meant to evoke the appearance of Native American Indians, poured several tons of tea into the Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act.
Boston Masssacre. |
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Mostly continual small scale resistance. sabotage, slacking off, stealing, etc.
difficult to mount large slave revolt in mainland countries.
large white population, dispersed slave population, vigilant and well armed local militias.
rebellions often happened in islands because news got to other people in a longer amount of time.
Stono Rebellion- colony of south carolina. |
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Supporters of constitution made powerful case for ratification in newspapers.
Statesmen and public figures supporting ratification of the proposed Constitution of the United States between 1787 and 1789. The Federalist Papers are documents associated with their movement.
Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington (if he had a political party he belonged to) (1789–1797) and John Adams (1797–1801). Especially in the later years they were also called the Federalist Party, founded by Alexander Hamilton. It opposed the Democratic-Republican Party during the 1800s. |
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Reflected fear of centralized power.
Diverted calls to change federal government into civil liberties.
Preserve essential thrust of Constitution and power of federal gov.
In context, more guarantee of federal power than grantor of civil liberties. |
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Judicial Review-Power of court to review a law or an official act of a government employee or agent for constitutionality or for the violation of basic principles of justice.
Each U.S. state has a state supreme court, which is the highest authority interpreting that state's law and administering that state's judiciary. |
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HENRY CLAY. Includes: bank, tariff, and internal improvement.
bank-Hold government deposits. Government would accept Bank notes for government land, taxes, and other transactions. Government would buy 1/5th of bank's stock. no discussion if bank was constitutional
tariff- tariff of 1816, easy to pass. first overtly protective tariff in u.s. history. protected industries at expense of foreign trade and consumers.. because countries might tariff against the u.s.
internal improvement- difficult to pass. some want national road connecting chesapeake to the west. others wanted inland canal system to link north to south. others wanted federally subsidized turnpike from maine to georgia. |
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Western expansion proceeded rapidly by 1801.
Spain secretly ceded Louisiana to France. They were strong enough to resist further westward expansion. Spain closed New Orleans to US traffic in 1802.
Americans settle southern part. Sioux dominate northern part. |
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| Expedition explored Louisiana territory in 1804. Proved that Louisiana purchase had been worth many times more than its price. Hired Charbonneu and his wife Savajawea. |
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1823. Warned Europeans to stay out of the western hemisphere and announced that the U.S. intended to become a preeminent world power.
british navy, not the monroe doctrine, kept the europeans out of the area.
wikipedia: stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention. |
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| An agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise and a conference committee was appointed. The United States Senate refused to concur in the amendment, and the whole measure was lost. |
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Focus on the heart, not the head.
Too much attention on written word and not enough on spoken.
Waves of cholera, diphtheria & influenza = God's Wrath.
Traveling revivals.
George Whitefield attracted 30k people or 2x population of boston
Results: shattered previous church power.
old lights= new england congregationalist, delaware valley quakers & southern angelicans
new lights = methodists, baptists, and presbyterians |
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Stamp tax on legal documents and publication in the colonies to off set military costs.
Resistance-lasted almost one year. patrick henry led first protests in virginia.
The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first stamp act to be passed by the Parliament of Great Britain and required all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, almanacs, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the American colonies to carry a tax stamp. The act was enacted in order to pay for a portion of the costs of maintaining an army in the territories gained in North America during the Seven Years' War. However, colonists protested that a tax laid upon them by a legislature in which they were not represented violated the British constitutional right of no taxation without representation. Colonial resistance to the act led to its repeal on March 18, 1766. |
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| A a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south (but was soon moved to the north) and later spread to the entire world. Traditional commerce was made obsolete by improvements in transportation and communication. This change prompted the reincarnation of the mercantilist ideas that were thought to have died out. This is thought to have been caused by increasing industrialization, such as Eli Whitney's invention, the Cotton Gin. As a result of the revolution, isolationism became dominant and North America was left waiting to explode into the Civil War. In other words, the north started to have a more powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European cities at the time. |
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| American colonial monetary and banking system |
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There were three general types of money in the colonies of British America: commodity money, specie (coins), and paper money.[2] Commodity money was used when cash (coins and paper money) was scarce. Commodities such as tobacco, beaver skins, and wampum served as money at various times and places.
Everyone had their own kind of currency, so it was hard for different colonies to trade. |
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king cotton-plantations of the cotton belt were among the most commercialized farms in the world.
southern planters organized slave labor to maximize production and reinforce dominance of white farm owners. association of labor with slaves shaped southern perceptions of dignity of work. white women work in the fields of only the poorest farms,
eli whitney and cotton gin |
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Over half of all European immigrants to Colonial America during the 17th and 18th centuries arrived as indentured servants.
Historians estimate that less than 1 million immigrants – perhaps as few as 400,000 – crossed the Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries. In the early years of the United States, immigration was fewer than 8,000 people a year, including French refugees from the slave revolt in Haiti. After 1820, immigration gradually increased. From 1836 to 1914, over 30 million Europeans migrated to the United States. The death rate on these transatlantic voyages was high; one in seven travelers died. |
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First people to show up are always starving.. die from disease.. violence with indians. first settlers try to live nobly.
men outnumber women 5 to 1.
everything goes to first son.
younger people dying younger.
northeast has healthier populations.
north is more virtuous.
south has a lot of illness and disease. |
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