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brought greece and rome together
Greece was first wellspring of western civilization
LAsted because people really believed it
gave europe a common identity
people saw other people willing to die for christanity so they began to beleive |
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platos teacher
gadfly of athens
before 427 BC
anti sophist (teachers/wise people) |
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The republic (book)
allegory of the cave- we are sometimes slaves to our own ignorance. See the shadows of fire and mistaken them for reality. they must be freed to see the light and how the world really is.
He proved how important philosiohy is the the world
An idealist |
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seen as the father of western science
student of plato
anti-idealist
moderation recommended is the key to stability and justice.
no single govt is ideal(unlike plato) |
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| "man is never so free as when he is bound by law" |
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| alexanders empire(356-323) vs roman empire (150bc-400ad) |
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| roman empire built road and controlled the areas they took over: with currancy, lang, land, and culture |
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pietas = piety
gravitas = seriousness
Constantia = perseverance |
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Roman general(service as needed)
Farmer at heart |
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Mixed govt is best govt
the greatest greek historian to record romes rise to power(first hand) |
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blinded on the road to damascus. hid conversion provided the archetype of subsequent christian conversons
a platianist
traveled around with disiples converting people and healing the sick
example of the martyrs |
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| the laws (beginning with the Ten Commandments) that God gave to the Israelites through Moses; it includes many rules of religious observance given in the first five books of the Old Testament |
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| In 3:29 Paul makes a statement of universal monotheism (that the God of the Jews is also the God of the Gentiles), which a Jew would accept as valid. |
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council of nicea(325ad)brought together all the bishops and created the niecene creed
arianism |
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bishop of hippo like women and wine, was a platonist, and aurgured that origionalsin made it impossible for man toearn hiw way into heaven
"city of god"
predestination
Pelagian |
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is the religious practice in which one renounces worldly pursuits in order to devote one's life fully to spiritual work.
Many religions have monastic elements, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism, though the expressions differ considerably. Those pursuing a monastic life are usually called monks or brothers (male), and nuns or sisters (female). Both monks and nuns may also be called monastics. |
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| Machiavelli uses fortuna to refer to all of those circumstances which human beings cannot control, and in particular, to the character of the times, which has direct bearing on a prince’s success or failure.one should meet it head on and bend it, if possible, to one’s own will. |
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| Virtù is drive, talent, or ability directed toward the achievement of certain goals, and it is the most vital quality for a prince. |
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the prince (1513)
Discourses of Livy(1518)
He is a figure of the Italian Renaissance and a central figure of its political component, most widely known for his treatises on realist political theory (The Prince)
Republic is a good thing but it is tough to keep it free. |
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| the great schism(1378-1417) |
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divided Chalcedonian Christianity into Western (Latin) and Eastern (Greek) branches, i.e. Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
By the end there are 3 popes |
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this disease , caused by flees to rats yersinia pestis, killed 40-70% of europes population in the mid 14th century in 1.5 - 2 years
caused labor shortages
english peasent revolts (1381) |
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| Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897) |
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Definition
in the civilization of renaissance Italy, he argued that the renaissance was a "prototype for the modern world"
Humanism -> not scholasticism is the method of education (studia humanitatis)
-this allows people to express themselves |
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| Francesco Petrarcha (1304-74) |
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asent of mount ventoux - first bit of content tied to the renainassance and humanism
purpose of education is to make you a fuller human being |
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| leonardo bruni (1370-1444) |
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| Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457) |
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| albrect durer (1471-1528) |
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self portrait (1500) show the detail of him looking christlike - accuate depiction of what someone looks like.
used linear perspective
four horseman of the apocalypse(1498) |
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| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) |
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Virgin of the Rocks (1483-86) - MAry shows emotion, mary angel and jesus form a triangle bc a triangle is a strong geometric form
LAst Supper (1498) everyone in a circle except for Jesus
Mona Lisa(1503-06) |
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The School of Athens(1508-11) shows the greatest philosophers, scientists and mathematicians of classical antiquity
-displays a vanishing point, such like on graph paper and have everything go out from that. |
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David(1501-04) the ideal human being
platonist
sisten chapel |
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| 1490's leader of Milan wants to take over napals. askes charles VIII to help, he wanted to take milan over anyway so milan is inviting the enemey in evovles into the collapse of the italian penisula but helps the renianssance move north |
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| Holy roman empire Charles V |
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| Cardnial Francisco Ximinaz de cisneros |
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University of alcala
Complutensian Polygot Bible (1502-17) first bible printed financed by Cisneros |
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| Vellum-animal skin 300 sheep to create one bible |
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| Erasmus of Rotterdam(1466-1536) |
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Christian humanist
Handbook of the Christian solder
translated the new testiment into new latin and greek additions
found inperfections in the bible
Philosophy of christ |
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man in a red turban(1433) - first self portrait in 1000 years
arnolvini Wedding Protrait(1434) |
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| Rogier van der Weyden(1400-64) |
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| Escorial Deposition(1435) sense of human agiany, emotion |
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| The ambassadors (1533) shows a skull at an angle |
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remained catholic
At a crucial period for the early Reformation, Frederick protected Luther from the Pope and the emperor, and took him into custody at the Wartburg castle after the Diet of Worms (1521), which put Luther under the imperial ban. |
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| Martin Luther (1483-1546) |
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95 theses(1517)
Babylonian captivity of the church (1520) - while affirming the real presence of the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist
was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. His teachings inspired the Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines and culture of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions, as well as the course of Western civilization.
Augestanian
Nominalism _opposite of realism
sola fide - justification by faith alone
Johan Staupitz- connected with Luthers heresy
Treasury of Merit
against indulgences, paying for them is undermining god
Said the pope should act as an advisor not one that remits sin.
He was a plationist, and the allegory of the cave corrilated with his life in that he believes the clergy are the puppet masters.
translated the bible from greek to german(helped spark reformation)
didnt see western marrage as a sacrament, non believers get married |
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| Sold indulgences to rebuild rome |
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| Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) |
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Ulrich Zwingli was the leader of the fledgling reformation in Zurich.
While Luther allowed what the Bible did not prohibit, Zwingli prohibited what the Bible did not specifically prescribe.
He stressed the ability of common people to interpret the Bible for themselves
marburg colloquy (1529) Didnt agree with Luther he said the is not present.
leader of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland |
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French lawyer argued that an omnipotent, omniscient, eternal God predestines each human being, either for heaven or hell.
Institutes of the Christian Religon(1536) - Playbook for how to set up a protestant community.
Predestination- God has already choose out salvation
observes that the separation of the elect from the reprobate is effected by God
formation of consistory
Geneva-Protestant reformation |
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| John of Leiden(1509-1536) |
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Definition
Crazy with 16 wives
Anabaptist (1000-5000)
Leads a religouis reformation in munster
Millenarianism-belief that change will bring 100% positive results
cathloics and protestants come together and kill all AB's |
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| Index of prohibited books |
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Definition
Pope Paul IV did this to stamp out heresy
all of macheavelia
bibles not in latin
Erasimus stuff |
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| Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) |
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The Basque noble wrote the Spiritual Exercises(They were written with the intention of enhancing and strengthening one's faith-experience in a manner that has distinctly Roman Catholic aspects.) and embodies the spirit of both the catholic and conter reformation.
Society of jesus - the Jesuits |
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| Council of trent(1545-1563) |
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Definition
as a response to the theological and ecclesiological challenges of the Protestant Reformation.
clearly specifying Catholic doctrines on salvation, the sacraments, the Biblical canon and standardizing the Mass throughout the church, largely by abolishing local variations.
More training and disiple for the clergy
Rejection of protestant ideas
casper contarini |
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| Lutheranism traces its origin to the work of Martin Luther, a German Augustinian monk, priest, and theologian who sought to reform the practices of the Catholic Church in the 16th century. The symbolic beginning of the Reformation occurred on October 31, 1517 when Luther posted his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg. Luther's ideas are generally held to have been a major foundation of the Protestant movement. |
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| Calvinism is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life that emphasizes God's sovereignty in all things. It falls within the realm of Protestant Christianity |
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| Interest in far east, could have gone as far as japan |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) |
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first european ruler to fund exploration to the east
travel east by going east |
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| Christopher columbus (1451-1506) |
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traveled east by going west(1492)
Underestimated the circumfrance of the earth |
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| Hernan cortes (1485-1547) |
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Definition
Took care of the aztecs in central america
brought disease (small pox), guns and steel
70-90% people before europeans came died of disease |
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| Bishop Jacques - benigne Bousset (1627-1704) |
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Divine right monarchy - The monarch sit right below God and above everyone else
Absolute monarchy - where the monarch has the power to rule his or her land or country and its citizens freely, with no laws or legally organized direct opposition in force. Although some religious authority may be able to discourage the monarch from some acts and the sovereign is expected to act according to custom, in an absolute monarchy there is no constitution or body of law above what is decreed by the sovereign (king or queen). |
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| approved st bartholomewss day massacre (1572)- 100's of hugunots killed and deepened hate btw catholics and protestant |
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| the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. |
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Politiques - politics
"paris is well worth a mass"
"Chicken in every pot" |
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The golden child but still an asshole
thought to have been the savior of france
younger brother was a nobody
had to flee with mother to mazarin palace when rebels tried to take over bc they didnt like mazarin running the show
compared himself to rullers like ceaser and said he is blessed by god
"I am the State" |
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Versailles was the unofficial capital city of the kingdom of France from May 1682 (King Louis XIV moves the court and government permanently to Versailles) until September 1715
nobility lived there
everything was organized around Louis XIV (Wake eat rest etc)
He did this to show who's boss
15,000 people could work and live there |
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| Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638) |
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Definition
| Jansenism - was a branch of Catholic thought that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. Louis perscuted them |
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| was issued on April 30, 1598 by Henry IV of France to grant French Calvinists (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. |
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| Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) |
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Definition
Mercantilism is an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation depends upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of trade is "unchangeable".
aimed to make France self-sufficent
make tariffs high to import to france |
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Had six wives and either divorsed or killed them all
Catherine of aragon married older brother but brother dies and she isnt queen anymore, so she marries Henry VIII.
then Henry VII wants a divorce and cant get one from the pope |
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| Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540) |
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Definition
Act in restraint of appeals to rome (1533)
Act of supremacy
served Henry VIII well but still was beheaded |
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"boy King"
Edwardian reformation
act of uniformaty(1549)
thomas cranmer worked with him
book of common prayer(1549,1552)
39 articles (1562) |
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Henry XIII daughter with catherine
"bloody mary"
Catholic - killed over 300 Protestants
John fox's "book of MArtyers" - showed" this is what happens when catholics rule" |
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Protestant sister of mary
Spanish Armada (1588)
around for a long to so she instilled protestant country of England
still looked to catholic though |
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Unites scotland and England
came from Scotland
England looked catholic but acted protestant
True law of france monarchys
"no bishop, no king"
Devine right of kings-is a European political and religious doctrine of political absolutism. |
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Natural Rights:life liberty and property
-They were inherent in people and could not be given away
Balance the monarchs right to command and subjects to obey
He also postulated that the mind was a "blank slate" or "tabula rasa";Locke maintained that people are born without innate ideas.
Knowledge is narrower then our ideas
Misuse of property is to have more then you need to survive
Govt should be limited so as not to interfere with the natural rights of people |
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Leviathan(1651) - argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign.
In the state of nature one must do whatever is needed to survive, or self preserve "In a war of every man against every man"
Without mortality or Law
They would form a goverment to excape the state of nature to self preserve.
They would choose a Ruler and the ruler would rule and the subject obey.
When there was a revolt they would go back to the state of nature
Absolute monarchy became an ideal |
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