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| a territory of which the holder exercises rights of public power : the power of justice , power of police , able to command (right bank ), |
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| Medieval economic system linking nobles and peasants on their lands |
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| Quite simply,the Catholic Church is ruled by the Pope;he is a monarch.The Vatican is considered a monarchy.It is also known as The Holy See and it an elective absolute monarchy. |
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| he action of anointing someone with oil or ointment as a religious rite or as a symbol of investiture as a monarch. |
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| religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. |
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| ) usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty. Interdicts may be real, local or personal. A personal interdict penalises named persons. A real or local interdict, (no longer part of canon law) suspends all public worship and withdraws the church's sacraments in a territory or country.[1] A local interdict against a country was the equivalent of excommunication against an individual. It would cause all the churches to be closed, and almost all the sacraments to be disallowed (i.e. preventing marriage, confession, anointing of the sick, and the eucharist). |
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| is a general term applied to systems of inheritance in which property may be apportioned among heirs. It contrasts in particular with primogeniture, which requires that the whole inheritance passes to the eldest son, and with agnatic seniority where the succession passes to next senior male. |
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| is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings |
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| Property or other legal entitlements inherited from (or through), one's father, especially if it has been handed down through generations in the same family, birthright |
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| a term related to the medieval (Middle Ages) institution of knighthood which has an aristocratic military origin of individual training and service to others. It is usually associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor and courtly love: "the source of the chivalrous idea," remarked Johan Huizinga, who devoted several chapters of The Waning of the Middle Ages to chivalry and its effects on the medieval character, "is pride aspiring to beauty, and formalized pride gives rise to a conception of honour, which is the pole of noble life."[1] |
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| under the system of medieval European feudalism, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a lord to a vassal who held seisin in return for a form of allegiance (usually given by homage and fealty). |
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| s a term used as part of feudalism in medieval Europe, where one enters into mutual obligations to a monarch, usually in the form of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually to include land held as a fiefdom |
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| the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture). |
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| sworn between two people, the obliged person (vassal) and a person of rank (lord). This was done as part of a formal commendation ceremony to create a feudal relationship. |
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| the practice by which tenants, holding land under the king or other superior lord, carved out new and distinct tenures in their turn by sub-letting or alienating a part of their lands.[1] |
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| e, in the law of England under the feudal system, allowed a knight to "buy out" of the military service due to the Crown as a holder of a knight's fee held under the feudal land tenure of knight-service. |
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| constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings and fixtures) that is independent of any superior landlord. In common legal use, s used to distinguish absolute ownership of land by individuals from feudal ownership, where property ownership is dependent on relationship to a lord or the sovereign. |
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| was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep |
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| all the land, not necessarily all contiguous to the manor house, which was retained by a lord of the manor for his own use and support, under his own management, as distinguished from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. |
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| It was a condition of bondage or modified slavery which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe. Serfdom was the enforced labour of serfs on the fields of landowners, in return for protection and the right to work on their leased fields. |
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| s labor, often unpaid, that is required of people of lower social standing and imposed on them by their superiors (often an aristocrat or noble). I |
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| , often unpaid, that is required of people of lower social standing and imposed on them by their superiors (often an aristocrat or noble). I |
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| a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare which came into widespread use by the tenth century. |
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| e crime of paying for sacraments and consequently for holy offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church, |
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| historically is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. |
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| s a personal representative of the Pope to Foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church |
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| he change of the substance of host bread and sacramental wine into the substance of the Body and Blood |
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| is a sacrament or ordinance that Christians celebrate in accordance with the instruction that, according to the New Testament, Jesus gave at his Last Supper to do in his memory what he did when he gave his disciples bread, saying, "This is my body", and wine, saying, "This is my blood".[1][2] |
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| an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, property, possessions, resources, work, and income. |
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Latin for Soldier of Christ; it may refer to:
Soldiers involved in the Crusades
Members of the Iona Community |
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| is a person who is specifically dedicated to God or to God's service |
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| Lay converts who had entered the monastic life as adults and were employed in manual labour |
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| Historical movement that opposes religious institutional power and influence |
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| Introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving grammar, logic, and rhetoric |
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| Formalized method of debate to uncover and establish truths in theology and sciences |
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| Right of a monarch to receive income from the estates of a vacant bishopric or abbacy. |
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| Regional legislative bodies in Ancien Regime France. Developed out of the previous council of the king |
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| Several Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula succeeded in retaking the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims. Reconquista is Spanish for Reconquest |
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| Full or partial remission of temporal punishment for sins which have already been forgiven. |
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| one who whips him self as a form of penance |
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| Reform movement that held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with the Roman church. |
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| violent revolt by the peasants that took place during the hundred years war |
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