Term
|
Definition
-founded by mohammed in 570 AD
-5 pillars: praying 5 times a day in direction of Mecca, give alms to the poor, fast during ramadan, make pilgrimage to Mecca
-Islam was spread throughout the middle east and europe by the Moors (islamic warriors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-part of Islamic religion
-fast from sunrise to sunset
-one of the five pillars
-began with islam in 500's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-muslims who believe leader of the islams has to be blood related to Mohammed
-700s early medieval
-middle east, Saudi Arabia, Arabia
-iran |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-believe any capable person can be leader
-majority
-middle east, arabia, Saudi Arabia
-early medieval period
-iraq |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ottoman empire, Turkey
-early modern period
-ottoman soldiers
-better than any army at the time
-well disciplined, loyal, well trained
-lived in barracks, wore uniforms, marched to military band
-gun powder |
|
|
Term
| Suleiman "the magnificent" |
|
Definition
-1520-1566
-"the law giver"
-considered most accomplished sultan in history
-expanded empire by military conquest
-didn't force conversions, but if you didn't convert you can't have forearms or weapons
-TOLERANCE
-mosque in Istanbul |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1048-1123
-Safavid Empire
-wrote poetry
-mathematician, astronomer
-shah paid him to write poetry
-"The Rubiat"
-talented at architecture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -very fertile land, everyone wanted it to grow stuff on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1556-1605
-Babur's grandson
-expanded mogul empire
-sunni muslim
-pursued policy of religious toleration
-law and order=STABILITY
-good relations between Hindu and Muslim
-built good roads
-orderly collection of heavy taxes
-expansion of the empire
-India |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Japan
-soldier, warrior
-1600's
-highest group in Tokugawa japan
-Bushido (the way of the warrior):must be literate, give total loyalty to ruler, honorable conduct in every aspect of life, mastery of martial arts and blade weapons, rejection to soft living (indifference to pain), death before dishonor, surrender=dishonor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1800's
-massive program of modernization began
-rapid industrial build-up resulted
-huge changes in Japan in 40 years
-by 20th century Japan had become 1st industrialized country in Asia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-16th century, middle of Renaissance
-philosopher
-wrote "The Prince" (how to get power and keep it)
-morality doesn't apply
-admires power
-florence Italy
-the prince will do whatever it takes to keep him in power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-wrote short stories about life on earth right now
-late medieval, early modern
-wildly popular in Renaissance
-"Decameron" book or short stories about group of young people living in the hills and escaping the black death, and each of them tells stories every night |
|
|
Term
| Martin Luther/The Protestant Reformation |
|
Definition
-1483-1546
-born in Germany
-was a catholic monk, but went to rome after thunderbolt and was shocked at the terrible things going on at the Vatican
-went back to Vatican and wrote his 95 Theses
-printing press made his work known throughout germany and europe
-revolt against catholic church
-diet of worms, LUther refuses to renounce, outlawed
-was a brilliant leader of the Protestant reformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Father Ingnatious Loyola started this catholic reformation and the Jesuits in late 1600's
-started in Spain
-had to have great character and very high intellect
-missionaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1509-1547
-England
-wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon for not being able to produce a son
-pope wouldn't give it to him so he broke away and started church of England
-had six wives beheaded
-solidified church of england as THE church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1600-1868
-Japan
-showgun wanted NO contact with basically anyone
-no ocean going ships allowed
-didn't allow foreigners
-chinese traded with them time to time
-prospered under them
-peace and stability, economic prosperity, irrigation and fertilization
-population got so big, couldn't produce enough food lead to female infanticide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-India, ancient religion, worlds oldest religion
-live and let live
-polytheistic
-3 obligations: righteousness (humility, compassion, purity), prosperity (work, earn, save), pleasure (experience pleasure both aesthetic and erotic)
-Karma Sutra (sexual handbook)
-hold cows to higher level, don't eat them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-started in China by Confucious
-around 500 BC
-personal improvement
-golden rule
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-built under the Ming Dynasty 14th century
-built to keep northern mongols out
-1,500 miles long, 3-5 stories high
-became very isolated
-ming ended with overthrow because of 7 year famine
-bad leadership |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American cammadore who went to Japan in 1853
-demands to meet showgun
-steam engine boat full of guns
-"black ships"
-because of the Japan began to welcome change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Floretine (florence Italy) 1300's
-Italian writer
-"the divine comedy": serious poem with religious theme, goes through hell, purgatory and heaven
-not written in Latin, considered a comedy but not
-writes in Italian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Italian writer, 1300's
-writes about here and now
-love poems
-humanist: particular point of view that develops during renaissance (God wants man to enjoy his time on earth)
-humanist outlook stressed here and now |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1452-1519
-Renaissance man
-studied anatomy, able to give pictures a realistic look
-math, astronomy, engineer etc (invisioned flight)
-good at proportions in art, people and facial expressions
-taught other artists to do what he did |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Renaissance
-painter but best at scultping
-renaissance art way ahead of its time
-painted dome in sistine chapel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rebirth: culture, art, literature
-14th-16th centuries
-began in Italy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-born in Turkey
-Osman a warrior began this empire with a small army
-janissaries
-Suleiman the magnificent (expanded ottoman empire by military conquest)
-Ottoman culture represents a blending of European, Arabian and chinese cultures
-favored agriculture and warfare above all other pursuits
-didn't force conversions but favored it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-islamic world
-chief rivals to ottoman empire
-shiite muslims, convert or DIE
-only one language
-fought with ottomans over tigris euphrates valley, ottomans prevailed
-reasons for decline: economic difficulties, military decline, cultural conservatism (observatory and printing press= BAD to them)
-by 18th C had collapsed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-began mid 1500's by Akbar
-eventually controlled nearly all of India
-lasted 200 years
-significant population growth
-later, weak and incompitant rulers lead to loss of power and respect for the empire
-ruled by force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-england and the netherlands
-shared powers with elected body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -kings got power from God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1598
-issued to end French religious wars
-granted rights to Huguenot (protestant) minority
-King Louis XIV revoked edict in 1685
-persecution of protestants began again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-king has absolute power
-no elected body
-Frace was most successful at this form of monarchy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-worked steadily to reduce power of Lords
-made sure kings word was most important |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dominance in 17th and 18th centuries
-absolute monarch
-reigned for over 70 years
-set new style in europe
-extravigance and wealth
-palace at versailles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -King Louis XIV's phrase meaning I am the State |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-kKing Louis XIV most useful minister
-minister of finance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-type of economy where they believe exports should exceed imports
-use of tariffs
-colonies are used to makae money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-King Louis XIV most useful minister
-minister of finance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-catholic
-used money in religious wars trying to convert people
-rejected by Queen Elizabeth I of England (protestant, reigned 1558-1605)
-planned to invade England with spanish armada
-lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hired by Queen Elizabeth I to fight off Spanish Armada
-use of fire, defeated spanish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-elizabethan age 1600s
-wrote many plays
-popular with the Queen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-power struggle in 1600's
-King Charles beheaded in 1649 because he wanted absolute power
-constitutional monarchy succeeded
-laws: monarch cannot make laws, monarch cannot impose new taxes, monarch cannot interfere with election of members of parliament, no cruel or unusual punishment, no punishment without trial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ancient scientist (not really)
-geocentric (earth is center)
-1600s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-earth is one of many
-man is not center of God's world
-made church unhappy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1564-1642
-made telescope
-discovered blemishes on moon and sun
-proved heavens weren't perfect, displeased church
-struggle between science and church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1642-1727
-Physicist
-formulated laws in which matter behaved
-laws of motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -scientific revolution 1600s and 1700s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-studied economy
-supply and demand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-small, independant farmers
-economically secure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-7 years long
-english crushed french, ended 1763
-france ceded all land between appalachian mountains and mississippi river
-english began taxing colonies
-AMERICAN REV begins around this time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-all 13 colonies met with colonies from each
-rallied minutemen
-"live free or die" |
|
|
Term
| Declaration of Independence |
|
Definition
-1776
-Thomas Jefferson: all men created equal
-certain inalienable rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1775-1783
advantages-british have strongest navy and stong gov't, have big population of loyalists in america
disadvantages-lon distance travel, have to ship supplies long distances, europe against england
-America lost more battles than they won, but won by not surrendering
-britain surrendered, lost most land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-wrote constitution
-added bill of rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-began late 18th century in England
-transformed agrarian and handicraft economies into industrial economies
-based on technological improvements to lead to productivity
-production by machine
-harnessed non animal sources of power
-one worker using a spinning machine could produce 100 times more thread than a worker using a manual spinning wheel
-employed half a million workers
-negative aspects: work was repeatative and boring, workers had no skills and no tools, management required fast pace of work, frequent accidents, strict discipline on workers, alienation of workers from their work
-benefits: better standard of living, cheap manufactured goods widely available, better diets, better clothing, death rates fell, birth rate fell, hygiene improved
-eventually made protective measures such as child labor laws, school attendance laws, minimum wage laws, safety laws, old age pensions, and national health insurance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-deplored system: deploitatino of workers
-unequal struggle
-predicted that the class struggle would lead to proletarian revolution
-believed that rev would then lead to the abolition of private property
-predicted that a system of public ownership of the means of production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-very radical (change everything about french society)
-money sparked revolt under King Louis XIV
-tried to tax aristocrats because peasants gave all they had
-aristocrats demamded estates general
-went down hill after esates general |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- all 3 estates met, quickly spun out of control
-3rd estate decided to meet sparately
-summer 1789 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-july 14th 1789
-mob rioted, set loose prisoners, killed warden
-took all guns and weapons |
|
|
Term
| Declaration of the Rights of man |
|
Definition
-national assembly
-constitutional monarchy
-tax relief for peasants
-allow some people to vote (males who owned land) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1793-1794
-french overthrow king
-pronouce Frace is a republic
-executed the "enemies of the republic", anyone who didn't give full support and enthusiasm to drastic changes of the revolutionaries
-40,000 victims executed in one year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-used during french revolution, especially during riegn of terror
-wooden machine with giant blade that severed heads
-seen as humane
-1793
-even used on King Louis XIV and wife Marie Antoinette |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-leader of revolution
-eventually taken to guillotine and beheaded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-became an army officer under King Louis XIV
-stayed out of bloodshed and then became member of the directory
-consul for 10 year, then life, then emperor, crowned himself
-made peace with catholics (made him more likeable)
-not in favor of freedom of speech
-used his army to take over neighboring places
-put members of his family as kings of places he took over
-retreat from Russia showed he was beatable
-coalition against him in 1814, britain, austria, and prussia beat him and exiled him to Elba
-escaped and went back to france, captured again and sent to st helena island, died there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-late 18th century
-haiti
-only successful slave revolt in history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Mexico
-fought for poor people
-not a success
-late 18th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-doubled size of US
-Louis and Clark
-westward movement, trails made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -idea that US was destined to spread to west coast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-north vs south
-south wanted to be able to move west with slavery
-mason dixon line separted free states from slave states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-won narrow vicotory for pres in 1860
-"a house divided cannot stand"
-wanted to prevent slavery from spreading |
|
|
Term
| confederate states of america |
|
Definition
-pro slave states
-left US
-lincoln viewed succession as illegal
-lincoln built up army against them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-south carolina
-confederates fired first shot at ship carrying goods to island
-1861-1865 began civil war!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-general of confederacy
-kept war going for as long as it did |
|
|
Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
|
Definition
-proclaimed that all slaves in confederate states were free
-Lincolns army penetrates through southern states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1865-1877
-recontruction on government and society
-ex slaves headed to cities to make a living, built churches and schools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -assassinated Lincoln in 1865 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stubborn refusal to cooperate
-many white southerners were intransigent during reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-laws passed by southern states after 1865
-purpose: to keep freed men in a subserviant status
-some laws were: can;t be on road after dark, no weapons, have to have job |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-congress loses confidence on Pres Andrew Jackson
-congress begins directing reconstruction
-dominated by republicans takes harsher stance towards intransigent former confederate states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-defines citizenship (anyone born in US)
-every citizen is entitled to equal protection of the laws
-no citizen may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
-army was sent south to protect rights unitl southern states ratified it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-terrorist group
-make sure free black people don't vote
-frighten free people into not using their rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1896
-illegal to combine races
-upheld legality of segregation
-"separte but equal"
-allowed southern states to pass ,any types of segregation statutes (jim crow laws) |
|
|
Term
| Brown vs Board of Education |
|
Definition
-1954
-overturned Plessy vs Ferguson
-ruled that segregation is inheritly unequal
-opened the way for desegregation in schools |
|
|
